Diare akibat Infeksi

Parasit
Entamoeba histolytica
Panji Arya Yudha
15714014
Environmental Infrastructure Engineering

Parasitology terms..

A parasiteis an organism that obtains food

and shelter from another organism and
derives all benefits from this association.
obligateparasite, when it can live only in a
host;
facultativeparasite, when it can live both
in a host as well as in free form.
endoparasites, Parasites that live inside
the body
whereas those that exist on the body
surface are called ecto-parasites.
Parasites that cause harm to the host are
pathogenicparasites

Parasitology term

The organism that harbors the parasite and suffers

a loss caused by the parasite is a host.
The host in which the parasite lives its adult and
sexual stage is the definitivehost
The host in which a parasite lives as the larval and
asexual stage is the intermediatehost.
Other hosts that harbor the parasite and thus
ensure continuity of the parasite's life cycle and act
as additional sources of human infection are known
as reservoirhosts.
An organism (usually an insect) that is responsible
for transmitting the parasitic infection is known as the

Intestinal Protozoa
Pathogenic
Entamoebahistolytica
Balantidiumcoli
Giardialamblia
Dientamoebafragilis
Cryptosporidium parvum
Enterocytozoonbieneusi
Septataintestinalis
Cyclosporacayetanensis
Isosporabelli

Commensal
Entamoebahartmani
Entamoebadispar
Entamoebacoli
Endolimaxnana
Iodamoebabtschlii
Chilomastixmesnili
Trichomonashominis
Blastocystishominis

Intestinal and luminal protozoa pada manusia dan hewan

Entamoebahistolytica(Amoebae)
Balantidiumcoli(Ciliates)
Giardialambliaand
Trichomonasvaginalis(Flagellates)
Cryptosporidium parvumand
Isosporabelli(Sporozoa)
Protozoan infections in animals may be
caused by organisms in the sub-class
Coccidia(disease: Coccidiosis)

Amoebiasis(amebic dysentery, amebic hepatitis)

Causal agent : Entamoeba hystolitica

Phylum: Sarcomastigophora
Subphylum: Sarcodina
Family: Entamoebidae

Amebiasis

Penyakit: disentri pada manusia, kera,

anjing, kucing, tikus, babi
Distribusi: seluruhdunia
Morfologi :
-Bentuk tropozoit (tubuh hospes),
ukuran15-30 mikron
-Tropozoit aktif punya vakuola makanan
terisi sel darah merah dalam proses digesti
-amuboid, memiliki pseudopodia, inti 1
-Pembelahanbiner(binary fission)

Amebiasis

-Bentuk kista : bulat dgn dinding tebal, inti

lebih dari 1(1-4 nuklei), badan kromatin
padat, di luar hospes
-Encyst: To take the form of or become
enclosed in a cyst
-Excystation: escape from a cyst or
envelope, as in that stage in the life cycle
of parasites occurring after the cystic form
has been swallowed by the host.

Life Cycle

Predileksi :
saluran pencernaan, otak, hepar, paru-paru
Hospes :
manusia, vertebrata

1.Ingestion of cyst in the

contaminated water and food
2.Excystationoccurs in the small
intestine. Eight
trophozoitesproduced from
one cyst.
3.Trophozoitesmigrate to large
intestine where they multiply
or may encystfor excretion

Patogenesa

-Abses pada organ predileksi

(otakencephalitis, paruparupneumonia, liver hepatitis)
-Jaringan nekrotik
-Sekresi mukus berlebihan pada usus
diare mukus khas amoebiasis sal.
Cerna
-Haemorraghi pembuluh darah pada
jaringan pecah/rusak

Gejala Klinis

Acute: Frequent dysentery with necrotic

mucosa and abdominal pain.
Chronic: Recurrent episodes of dysentery
with blood and mucus in the feces. There
are intervening gastrointestinal
disturbances and constipation. Cysts are
found in the stool. The organism may
invade the liver, lung and brain where it
produces abscesses that result in liver
dysfunction, pneumonitis, and

Amebiasis Pada Hewan

E. invadensof reptiles is morphologically

identical to E. histolytica, but it is not
transmissible to mammals.
E. dispar is a noninvasive, nonpathogenic
amoeba morphologically indistinguishable
from the pathogenic species E histolytica

Pathology

Intestinal ulcers (craters/flasks )are due to

enzymatic degradation of tissue. The
infection may result in appendicitis,
perforation, stricture granuloma, pseudopolyps, liver abscess sometimes brain, lung
and spleen abscesses can also occur.
Strictures and pseudo-polyps result from the
host inflammatory response.

Amebiasis

Diagnosa :
-Pemeriksaan sampel feses (fresh atau
swab) langsung / pewarnaan
Differential Diagnose :
-Giardiasis
-Bacterial
diarrheademamtinggidanleukocytosis

Berdasarkan Data WHO

Daftar Pustaka
Reed SL. Amebiasis and infection with free living
amebiasis. In: Kasper DL, Fauci AS, Longo
DL, Braunwald E, Hauser SL, Jameson JL,
editoras. Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine
16th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill Companies
Inc; 2005;194:1214-6.
Tjokronegoro A., Utama H. Amebiasis hati.
Buku Ajar Nmu Penyakit Dalam. Edisi tiga.
Jakarta: Balai Penerbitan FKUI; !996.p.328-32.
Taylor DN, Connor BA, Shlim DR. Chronic diarrhea
in the returned traveler. Med Clin North Am. 1999;
83:1033-52.