Volcanos

Bell-ringer: What causes volcanos?

Divergent Boundary Volcanism

Mantle rock pushes up to fill gaps between
plates
Turns to magma
Volcanos along mid-ocean ridges
Mt. Kilimanjaro

Divergent Boundary Volcanism

Convergent Boundary Volcanism

Where oceanic plate subducts
Volcanic island arcs
Ring of Fire

Continental Volcanic Arc

Andes

Convergent Boundary Volcanism

Intraplate Volcanism
Occurs within a plate (not at a
boundary)
Hotter than normal mantle rises to
surface = hot spot
Hawaii
Yellowstone

Intraplate Volcanism/ Hot Spots

Anatomy of a Volcano

Eruptions and Volcano Types

Bell-ringer: Do all volcanos work the
same way? Why?

Eruptions
Eruptions can be quiet or explosive
The main factors are:
Physical characteristics of magma
Amount of Dissolved Gases

Viscosity
Substance resistance to flow
Greatly affected by temperature and
composition
High Silica = High Viscosity

Gases
Gas can be trapped in the magma
More trapped gas = more explosive

Types of Explosions
Lava Flows: very fluid
Pyroclastic Materials: ejected materials
High gas content = greater chance to form
pyroclastic material

Range: ash/dust particles pieces that weigh

several tons

Try to fill in the following chart

Composition

Silica Content

Rate Viscosity
(least to most
viscous)

Gas Content

Basaltic

50 %

1-2%

Andesitic

60 %

3-4%

Granitic

70 %

4-6%

Rate Tendency
to form
Pyroclastics
(least to most)

Volcano Types
Three types of volcanos:
Shield
Cinder Cone
Composite

Shield Volcanos
Broad dome structure
Accumulation of fluid basaltic lava
Hawaiian Islands and Iceland

Cinder Cone
Steep slopes
Built from ejected lava fragments
High gas content lava
One Eruption then becomes dormant
Sunset Crater, AZ

Composite Volcanos
Both lava flow and pyroclastic deposits
Magma with high silica content and high gas
content
Most explosive
Mt. Rainier
Mt. St. Helens
Ring of Fire
Andes

1. Use your
book/computer to describe how each volcano is
formed.
2 Identify what type of eruption each volcano has.
3. Identify the type of
lava/pyroclastic material each volcano has.
4. Make a sketch of each volcano.
5. Create a detailed
model of each volcano using clay. (Your model
should be similar to the diagrams on p. 228 in
your book. You should show the inside parts of

Volcanic Landforms and Intrusive

Igneous Landforms
Bell-ringer: How do volcanos shape the Earth?

Calderas
Collapse after explosive eruption
Collapse of shield after magma chamber is
drained

Volcanic Necks
Hardened volcanic pipe exposed by erosion

Lava Plateaus
Produced by repeated eruptions of very
fluid lava

Intrusive Igneous Landforms

Plutons: Structures that result from the
cooling and hardening of magma beneath
the Earths surface

Sills
Magma flows between parallel layers of
sedimentary rock

Laccoliths
Magma pushes up sedimentary rock
creating a bulge

Dikes
Magma moves into
fractures that cut
across rock layers

Batholiths
Exposure of more than 100 square
kilometers
Forms like a pluton but slowly rises through
the crust forming a giant mass.

Hazard Program Activity

You and your team are geologists paired with the job of
warning neighboring communities about their volcano.
You will be given basic information about the volcano
You and your team will need to create a warning flier to
pass around the community. It must include:
The type of volcano
The type of eruption to expect/the type of lava to expect
What to do in order to prepare for the eruption