Introduction to Electrical

and Computer Engineering

Instructor: Dr. Pham Ngoc Nam

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Your instructor

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Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering

Office: C9-401
Email: pnnam-fet@mail.hut.edu.vn

Member of Intel Higher Education Program

Research:
FPGA, PSoC, embedded systems design
Artificial Intelligence

Education:
Class 37, FET-HUT
Master in Artificial Intelligence, K.U. Leuven, Belgium
Master thesis: Hidden Markov Model based Online handwriting Recognition

PhD, 9/ 2004, K.U. Leuven, Beligium

PhD Dissertation: QoS Management at End-systems for Advanced Multimedia
Applications

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Course Objectives

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1. Understand the job of an electrical engineer

2. Understand different specializations of ECE
3. Have basic knowledge of electrical concepts and
components
4. Understand engineering problem solving and engineering
design process
5. Have soft skills: presentation, teamwork, engineer code of
ethics

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Course Contents
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

What are Electrial and Computer Engineering?

ECE Specializations
Electrical concepts and components
Ative components and intergrated circuits
Engineering tools for ECE
Engineering problem Solving
Engineering design

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 DHBK 2005

Textbook and Grading

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Slides adapted from ECE 1100

Charles B. Fleddermann, Martin D. Bradshaw, Introduction
to Electrical and Computer Engineering, Prentice Hall,
2003.
Grading:
In class Quizz: 30% (3 Quizzes)
Project: 70 % ( teams of 5 students)
Progress report by each team member (5 minutes presentation in class
+ printed report (word document))
Final project report: printed report + 15 minutes presentation and demo
by each team

Other resources:
Email: nhapmonkythuat@gmail.com, Password: hut123456

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1. What are Electrial and Computer

Engineering?

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What is Engineering?
What do Engineers Do?

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 DHBK 2005

Introduction to Engineering

What is engineering?

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 DHBK 2005

Introduction to Engineering

What is engineering? -Problem Solving.

So, what is electrical

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Answer: Engineering is
engineering?

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Introduction to Engineering

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What is engineering? -- Answer: Engineering is

Problem Solving.
What is electrical engineering? -- Answer: Problem
solving using electricity, electrical tools and
concepts.
What is science?

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Introduction to Engineering

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What is engineering? -- Answer: Engineering is

Problem Solving.
What is electrical engineering? -- Answer: Problem
solving using electricity, electrical tools and
concepts.
What is science? Answer: Science is knowledge
gaining.

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Introduction to Engineering

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What is engineering? -- Answer: Engineering is Problem

Solving.
What is electrical engineering? -- Answer: Problem solving
using electricity, electrical tools and concepts.
What is science? Answer: Science is knowledge gaining.
So, how can you tell an electrical engineer from a
physicist?

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Introduction to Engineering

How can you tell an electrical engineer from

a physicist? Answer: by the goals they
work towards.

An engineer's goal is to solve problems.

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A scientist's goal is to learn.

However, an engineer needs to learn to be able to
solve problems, and a scientist needs to solve
problems to learn, so the situation gets
muddled. The key is to look at their goals.

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Introduction to Engineering

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Quiz Time:
Were the following famous people
engineers or scientists?
To decide, we need to look at their
GOALS!

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Introduction to Engineering

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Engineer or Scientist
Galileo?

He wanted to understand
the stars and planets
He was a scientist

 DHBK 2005

Introduction to Engineering

Engineer or Scientist
Leonardo da Vinci?

He wanted to fly, to
paint, to do things

He was an engineer

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 DHBK 2005

Introduction to Engineering

Engineer or Scientist
Thomas Edison?

He wanted to build
things, lights, phonographs,
etc.
He was an engineer

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 DHBK 2005

Introduction to Engineering

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Engineer or Scientist
Sir Isaac Newton?

He wanted to understand
how things moved

He was a scientist

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Introduction to Engineering

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Engineer or Scientist
Albert Einstein?

He wanted to find the

Unified Theory of Everything

He was a scientist

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Introduction to Engineering

Engineer or Scientist
Robert Oppenheimer?

He wanted to build the

Atomic Bomb - Manhattan
Project
He was an engineer

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 DHBK 2005

Introduction to Engineering

Engineer or Scientist
Professor Paul Chu?

He wants to understand
superconductivity

He is a scientist

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 DHBK 2005

Introduction to Engineering

Engineer or Scientist
Sir Thomas Crapper?

He wanted to build
a sanitary toilet, which
was so important he was knighted

He was an engineer

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 DHBK 2005

Introduction to Engineering

Engineering or
Science?
Decide by
determining what
motivates you.

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 DHBK 2005

Introduction to Engineering

How can you tell an engineer from a

technician?

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 DHBK 2005

Introduction to Engineering

How can you tell an engineer from a

technician? Answer: by the kinds of
problems they solve.

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Engineering vs Technology

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How can you tell an engineer from a

technician? Answer: by the kinds of
problems they solve. Have the problems
been solved before?

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Introduction to Engineering

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How can you tell an engineer from a technician?

Answer: by the kinds of problems they solve.

An engineer's goal is to solve technical problems.

A technicians goal is to solve technical problems.

However, an engineer is typically asked to solve problems
that have not been solved before. A technician is
typically asked to solve problems that have already been
solved.

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Engineering vs Technology
Engineering
Solving Technical
Problems That Have
Not Been Solved Before

Technology Solving
Technical Problems That
Have Been Solved Before

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What is Engineering Anyway???

In order to solve many

technical problems, it is
necessary to design
something.
So, many would say that
engineering is designing
and building things! Ok, so
what is design?

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 DHBK 2005

What is Design Anyway???

What is design? Lets take an

example. Lets look at the
design of the first airplane.

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Design is a Circle

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Invention is where poetry and engineering come together. It is a

creative endeavor where the heart beats faster with each
intuitive leap, yet success is measured by the stern, unforgiving
ruler of the Scientific Method. Its not a predictable process;
you never march a straight path to your goal. Instead, you
crisscross the same ground over and over again as you search
for the answer that youre sure is there somewhere. Every
successful invention is the result of false starts, dead ends,
disappointments, self-doubt, perseverance, and the elation that
comes when your faith in yourself is at last rewarded. Nowhere
is this more evident than in the tale of the invention of the
airplane. (From http://www.first-to-fly.com/History/inventin.htm)

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Design is a Circle: Try and Try Again

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When you design

something, you try
something that you think
will work.
Usually, it doesnt.
Then, you try again, using
what you learned in your
first try.

This is design!

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The Design Process

The design
process is
an iterative
process.
You try
again and
again.

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Design Means Work

Invention is 10%
inspiration, and 90%
perspiration.

The conclusion? Engineers smell bad?

No, the conclusion is that there are

many steps and skills involved.

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 DHBK 2005

The design
process
includes
analysis.
These steps
are analysis,
and can be
done
physically, on
paper, or on a
computer.

The Design Process

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Not everything that the Wrights did was a success. Of the

seven aircraft that they built from 1899 to 1905, only two
worked well enough to be flown any length of time -- the 1902
glider and the 1905 Flyer 3. Some, like the 1901 glider (above)
were dismal failures. (From http://www.first-to-fly.com/History/inventin.htm)

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Wright Brothers Gain Knowledge to

Solve Problems

Wilbur and
Orville decide
to carry on.
They test wing
shapes to get
more lift. This
was an early
test, using a
bicycle.

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Wright Brothers Gain Knowledge to

Solve Problems

They test over 200 wing shapes in a wind

tunnel to find which ones produce the most
lift. The
wind tunnel is
shown here.

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Wright Brothers Gain

Knowledge to Solve Problems
Wilbur and Orville test over
200 wing shapes in a wind
tunnel to find which ones
produce the most lift. They
even have to design the
wind tunnel. The brothers
build a new glider based on
the results.

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Wright Brothers Gain

Knowledge to Solve Problems

Wilbur and Orville test over 200 wing shapes in a wind tunnel
to find which ones produce the most lift. They even have to
design gadgets to be able to test their wing shapes in the
wind tunnel.

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The Result: A Flying Machine

The result of their guess and test method was
the first airplane. We try to teach this guess
and test method in engineering.

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Guessing is often glorified, and does require

experience and a little bit of inspiration.
Testing, though, often takes longer. This is easier to
teach, though by no means easy.

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Wilbur and Orville

were a Design Team
The results are, as they would say, history.

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 DHBK 2005

Engineers Build
Many Kinds of Systems

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Engineers build Virtual Reality and

Artificial Intelligence Systems.
Stupidity we can get naturally.

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Engineers Build
Computer-Based Systems
Computers are in many things.
Engineers put them there.

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 DHBK 2005

Sine Waves Happen

You have probably seen
the bumper stickers that
say that, Sine Waves
Happen.
Similarly, the demand for
most fields is sinusoidal,
going up and and down.

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 DHBK 2005

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Demand Varies with Time

Students see this and choose Chem. Engr.

Chemical Engr. Demand

Students see this and dont choose Chem. Engr.

5 years later, no one comes out

5 years later, they come out here
1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

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Engineering, Technology, or
Science?

Students should
decide by
determining what
motivates them.

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How Should a Student

Pick a Major?

Students will do best in the field

that motivates them, excites
them.

How Should a Student

Pick a Major?

DHBK 2005

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To get a great job,

you need to do great
in your preparation.
To do great in your preparation, you
need to work hard
and long.

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How Should a Student Pick

a Major?
To work hard and long, you
need to enjoy what you do.

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Problem Solving

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The Smokey Mountain Express leaves New York on

Tuesday at 8 am heading due west at 75 mph. The
Pacific Paradise leaves San Francisco at the same time
headed due east at 60 mph.
If New York and San Francisco are 3,000 miles
apart and the trains are headed straight for each
other, when will they meet?

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Train Problem Solution

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Let tm be the time until the two trains meet.

3000[mi] = 60[mi/hr] x tm + 75[mi/hr] x tm
3000 = 135tm
tm = 22[hr]
About 22 hours after Tuesday at 8AM brings us to
approximately 6AM on Wednesday.

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Math Skills

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Math skills means more than just getting the answer right.
It means being able to think about the problem.
Student problems with engineering classes:
Poor problem solving skills in general
Weak math/physics skills
Difficulty applying knowledge
Bottom Line:
Your math/physics classes are important.
Do the homework.

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Math Skills

Math skills means

more than just
getting the answer
right.
It means being
able to think about
the problem.
Lets look at the data here.
-- Taken from Road and
Track, Sept. 2000

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Math Skills

Math skills means more

than just getting the
answer right.
It means being able to
think about the problem.
I can think about what is
going on in these results in a
much more powerful way if I
know what it means to
differentiate.

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ECE

Hardware
Electrical Engineering

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Software
Computer Science

Hardware and Software

Computer Engineering

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Other engineering fields

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Mechanical Engineering
Design and production of mechanical systems:
automobiles, refrigeration systems, robots => disk drive,
miniaturized medical implants.

Civil Engineering
Design and buiding of the infrastructure of cities and
communities: roads, bridges, buidings

Aerospace Engineering
Design of flying machines: comercial and military aircraft,
vehicles lauched into space. Have expertise in the flow of
air around airplanes, design wings, control surfaces,
fuselage of airplanes.
Can also work in the autombile industry

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Other engineering fields

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Chemical Engineering
Design methods required to make chemicals: processes
used to refine crude oil into gasoline, plastics, synthetic
fabrics, pestisides; processes used to fabricate
intergrated circuits.
Design production systems for medicines

Nuclear Engineering
Design of nuclear reactors for power stations
Design and running of reactors that produce materials
used in medicine

Manufacturing Engineering
Design manufacturing systems: assembly lines and robots

Biomedical engineering
Design of devices that help the treatment of disease or
that can be used to replace biological materials

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2. ECE Specialization

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2.1 Electrical Power

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Design and buiding of power distribution systems

Design of power generating facilities
Supervise the construction of power plants
Design of network of transmission lines used to deliver
power to customers

Develop and implement alternative power sources:

solar photovoltaics, wind turbines, fuel cells.
Where can you work?
Power distributors: E.g. EVN
Power plant contruction companies: E.g. SongDa Group
Factories: design and maintain electricity supply systems

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2.1 Electrical Power

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2.1 Electrical Power

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2.1 Electrical Power

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 DHBK 2005

2.2 Electronics

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 DHBK 2005

2.2 Electronics
BMW car

*Intelligent Transportation
System (ITS)

*Safety Systems

*Cabin Air
Quality

*Lighting

*Engine

Performance and
Emission Control
(Traction Control)

*Suspension

and
Braking Control

*Gear Box

*Digital Car
*Steering Controls*Entertainment
Radio

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 DHBK 2005

2.2 Electronics

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Design of electronic devices and systems

Where can you work?
Electronic companies: Sony, LG, Samsung, Panasonic,
Intel, Toshiba, Sharp, Philips
Manufacturing companies: BMW, Toyota,

Leading Innovation

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2.3 Computers

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Design of computer hardware, computer network

Where can you work?
Electronic companies
Computer companies: IBM, Dell, Acer, HP, FPT, CMS .
Many private companies

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2.4 Communication

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Design and implement communication devices and

systems
Maintain and operate complex communication
systems
Where can you work?
Communication service providers: AT&T, Viettel, VNPT,
Mobiphone, EVN telecom.
Communication devices manufacturers: Nokia, Ericsson,
Siemens, Alcatel Lucent, Huawei

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2.4 Communication

Cuc sng ch thc

Hy ni theo cch ca bn

Mi lc - mi ni

Kt ni sc mnh

GTel

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 DHBK 2005

2.5 Microelectronics and intergrated

circuits
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Design of extremely small electronic devices and

their interconnection
Work on processes required to fabricate IC
Where can you work?
Microelectronic companies
IC fabricating companies: IBM, Intel, AMD, TSMC .

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2.5 Microelectronics and intergrated

circuits

Moores law: number of transistors doubles every 18 months

(Gordon Moore, founder Intel Corp.)

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2.6 Control systems and Robotics

Design control systems to ensure that complex
devices operate efficiently and safely
Design robots for industrial production lines.

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2.7 Biomedical

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Design medical diagnostic and treatment tools

Maintain and operate complex medical tools
Where can you work?
Hospitals
Medical equipment manufacturers: Philips medical,
Siemens, Medtronic

Magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI)

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2.8 Others

Electromagnetics
Signal Processing
Image Processing
Optoelectronics
Plasmas

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How to choose your specialization?

Introduction to EE program