Geometric Dimension and Tolerancing For Body in White Sheet Metal

GD&T for Body
Course content
Introduction to GD&T
GD&T
5 Step Process
GD&T for Body Engineering
Introduction
What is GD&T
GD&T
How it affects ABC Motor Company
What is GD&T
GD&T
Geometric Dimensioning and Tolerancing is a technical data
base through which our Product Design and Manufacturing
Organisations can talk to one another via Product Data,
whether on paper or the computer graphics screen
It is the engineering product definition standard that
geometrically describes design intent and provides the
documentation base for the design of the quality and
production system.
It is a technique of communication between Product
Engineering and Manufacturing Engineering that promotes a
uniform interpretation of the requirements for making a
component.
What is GD&T
GDT provides the dimensions of the
component and the tolerances in a language
that eliminates confusing and inconsistent
notes, datum lines, and location point
identifications, and replaces them with
standard symbols that refer to a universal
code.
This code describes the dimensions and
tolerances of the component with reference
to the relationships of the features to each
other and their functional interfaces with
mating parts, assemblies, etc.
Authorisation
In 1990 ABC World-wide adopted the American
National Standard for Dimensioning and
Tolerancing, currently the ASME Y14.5M 1994. The
authorisation for the above is documented in
Standard D-1 of the ABC Engineering CAD and
Drafting Standards and is referenced on all our
released data.
1990
ASME Y14.5M 1994
This information can be accessed via ABC intranet;
http://www-wise.ABC.com/non-regulatory.html
The above document also contains an electronic
copy of the ASME Y14.5M 1994 Dimensioning and
Tolerancing Standard.
Application
The application of GDT is initially the responsibility
of the relevant Component Engineer, however
teamwork is the key to the correct application
through the component Core Team.
This provides the opportunity for all disciplines to
contribute their part of the total design package.
It ensures part data will satisfy design intent as
well as manufacturing and inspection
requirements based on function, machine
capability and available technology.
Application
It provides the opportunity for proper
Datum selection and has the potential to
significantly reduce product changes,
especially those changes following final
product release.
The Core Team should consist at a
minimum of representatives from
Product Engineering, Design
Engineering, Manufacturing Engineering,
and Quality Engineering.
More information
ABC Engineering CAD and Drafting
Standards
http://www-wise.ABC.com/nonregulatory.html
GDT Application
http://www.cadmethods.ABC.com
How GD&T Relates to ABC

The correct application has the potential
to;
Influence Fit and Finish
Reduce Reworks
Increase Reliability
Affects Assembly Process
Reduce cost
10
The 5 Step Process
1 2 3 4 5
11
5 Step Process
1Utilise the new Design Concept
2Establishment of the Datum Reference
Frame
3Establish GD&T Controls
4Establish Tolerances
5Final Approval of GD&T on Cad Data
12
Step 1
Utilise new design concept
13
Utilise new design concept

The 1st step involves making decisions
at the basic design stage that will
ultimately effect the design,
manufacture and verification of the final
component.
This can only be successfully achieved
by the relevant PD representative
attending the Master Control Plan (MCP)
Meetings.
14
Master Control Plan

What is the purpose of the MCP meeting in
relation to PD
To establish a common understanding for the
verification process of the major panels, e.g.
Bodyside, Hood, Deck Lid, Door, Roof, Underbody,
etc.
To obtain agreement at an early stage of the design
for the datum reference frame, die approach, etc.
Who attends the Meeting
PD and Manufacturing, i.e. Body Engineering, DCD,
Stamping, Body and Assembly.
15
Master Control Plan

When should the Meeting take place.
Initial design concept stage, knowing the
components parameters such as size and
function
Current methods use;
Past evidence, past experience, can sometimes
hinder rather than assist the new design concept
Result of meeting
May be documented in CAD, or paper form
16
Step 2
Establish Datum Reference
Frame
17
Establish Datum Reference

Frame
As part of the Master Control Plan (MCP)
Process meeting, Body Engineering and
Manufacturing agreed to the definition of
the Datum Features and their location.
PD have Ownership of the Datum
Features.
18
Datum Reference Frame

(Reference Pocket Guide, Page 8)
Consists of a set of three mutually

perpendicular planes
The reference frame exists
in theory only and is not on
the part
Sufficient datum features

are used to position the
part in relation to the
Datum Reference Frame.
19
Datum Features
An actual feature of the part used to
stage/position the part in the equipment
for purposes of relating its geometry to
the Datum Reference Frame.
20
Primary Datum Plane

Achieved by establishing a minimum of
three Points to define a plane
21
Primary Datum Plane

Primary Datum Plane should be Parallel
to Die Plane
22
Primary Datum Plane

When Datum Target Areas defining
Primary Datum Plane are not on one
single planar surface, they must be
controlled one to another using the
PROFILE of a SURFACE geometric control.
23
Supporting a panel only on the designated Datum Target

Areas, effectively removes 3 degrees of freedom, i.e. 1 Linear
and 2 Rotational.
24
Datum Target Areas

Datum Target Areas should wherever
possible be planar and parallel to the die
plane.
Primary Datum Plane

25
Datum Target Areas

Dedicated Datum Target Areas makes
both the part, and gauge/fixture more
robust, cost effective and Improves
repeatability
26
Secondary Datum Feature

Generally a Datum Feature of Size is
used , i.e. Single circular Hole, positioned
on a surface that is parallel to the
Primary datum Plane, and is ultimately
used as a four way locator.
27

Controlled relative to the Primary Datum
Plane using the Geometric control
PERPENDICULARITY.
28

The intersection of the derived axis of
the feature perpendicular to the Primary
Datum Plane, and the design side of the
component is the local origin of all basic
dimensions; 0,0,0
29
Supporting a panel on the designated Datum Target Areas, and

using the four way locator removes another 2 Linear degrees
of freedom, resulting in all 3 Linear, and 2 Rotational degrees
of freedom constrained.
30
Tertiary Datum Feature

Generally the width of a
Slotted Feature of Size
is used as a
two way
locator.
31

To eliminate tolerance of Datum Shift on
one of the theoretical axis of the
cartesian coordinate system, the
orientation of the slot (length) should
point to the axis of the Secondary Datum
Feature.
32

The slotted features
width must be
positioned on a
surface with the slot
width axis parallel
to the primary
datum plane, and
controlled using the
geometric control of
POSITION and
nominated as the
Tertiary Datum
Feature.
33
Supporting a panel on the designated Datum Target Areas,

using the four way, and two way locators removes all six
degrees of freedom.
34
Step 3
Establish GD&T Controls
35
Common Terms and

Definitions
Reference Pocket Guide
Page 2
36
Material Conditions
MMC
Maximum Material
Condition
LMC
Least Material Condition
RFS
Regardless of Feature Size
Virtual Condition
37
Maximum Material
Condition
The condition in which a feature of size

contains the maximum amount of
+1.0
material within the stated limits of
size.
10.0 0
The Heaviest Part
Minimum Hole Diameter (10.0)
Maximum Shaft Diameter (11.0)
38
Least Material Condition
The condition in which a feature of size contains

the least amount of material within the stated
limits of size.
+1.0
10.0 0
The Lightest part

Maximum Hole Diameter (11.0)
Minimum Shaft Diameter (10.0)
To date no application in the Feature Control

Frame for this symbol has been identified in Body
Engineering.
39
Regardless of Feature Size

There is no symbol for Regardless of Feature
Size. If a material modifier is not used then
Regardless of Feature Size is assumed.
The term used to indicate that a geometric
tolerance or datum reference applies at any
increment of size of the feature within its size
tolerance
Regardless of Feature Size is expensive to
+1.0
verify, and rarely reflects the
relevant feature
10.0
0 not be used in a
function, and therefore should
Body application without the1.0agreement of the
entire core team.
40
Virtual Condition
A constant Boundary generated by the
collective effects of a size features specified
MMC or LMC material condition and the
geometric tolerance for that condition.
The VIRTUAL CONDITION of features of mating
parts must be matched, guaranteeing
component features at their worst case for
assembly will always assemble.
The Virtual condition envelope is the worst
condition offered to the mating part.
41
Virtual Condition (Shaft)

+1.0
10.0 - 0
1.0 M
Virtual condition (Shaft) =
MMC + Tolerance zone value
Virtual Condition = 12.0
MMC =11.0
LMC =10.0
42
Virtual Condition (Hole)

+1.0
10.0 - 0
1.0 M
Virtual condition (Hole) =
MMC - Tolerance zone value
Virtual Condition = 9.0

MMC = 10.0
LMC = 11.0
43
Geometric Controls
Page 1
44
Feature Control Frame

(Reference Pocket Guide, page 3)
0.5 M
A B M CM
Geometric characteristic symbols, the tolerance

value, Material Modifiers, and Datums of Reference,
where applicable, are combined in a feature control
frame to express a geometric tolerance.
45
Material Condition Symbol

Where applicable
Geometric
Characteristic
Symbol
Tolerance
0.5 M
Tolerance Zone
Shape where
applicable
A B M CM
Datum Reference Letters
46
Geometric Controls
Each feature of the component must be
controlled for SIZE, FORM, ORIENTATION and
LOCATION.
In the American National Standard there are
fourteen geometric controls.
Body Engineering use just three;
1
PERPENDICULARITY
POSITION
PROFILE
47
PERPENDICULARITY
Page 29
48
PERPENDICULARITY
The main Application for PERPENDICULARITY
within Body Engineering is to control a single
Secondary Datum Feature of size (a hole) to
be perpendicular to the Primary Datum Plane.
Generally used only once within each
component to define the secondary datum
feature.
Any other use of this control
for other features would be an
additional requirement, because
PERPENDICULARITY does not
imply any location
49
PERPENDICULARITY
19.0
+0.1
0
A cylindrical tolerance zone

perpendicular to a datum plane
within which the axis of a feature
must lie.
LMC
B
The
Cylindrical
Tolerance
Zone diameter
is dependant
on the actual
feature size
50
POSITION
Page 33
51
POSITION
Definition
Position Tolerance Zones
Zero at MMC Concept
Boundary Concept
Composite Tolerance Zones
Projected Tolerance Zone
52
POSITION
The term to describe
the perfect (theoretical
exact) location of
individual features in
relationship with a
datum reference or
other feature(s).
In general the
POSITION control is
used to locate uniform
features of size, e.g.
holes, shafts, slots etc.
53
Verification
As with all Features of Size;
First to be verified is that the top and bottom
limits of size have not been violated (Taylors
Principle). A full form check at the MMC and a
two pointed instrument check at the LMC.
Secondly the features Position must be
verified.
GD&T does not dictate the method of
verification. The decision on the gauging
technique employed is the responsibility of the
core team.
54
Position Tolerance Zones
55
Positional Tolerance Zone 1

(Cylindrical)
+1.0
20.0 0
To specify a Cylindrical Tolerance Zone,

a diameter sign must precede the
tolerance value, followed by the
material Modifier MMC unless
Regardless of Feature Size is intended.
0.5 M
A cylindrical zone within which
the centre axis of a feature of
size is permitted to vary from its
true (theoretically exact) position.
56
Positional Tolerance Zone 2

(Non Cylindrical)
A zone within which the centre,

axis, of centre plane of a feature of
size is permitted to vary from its
true (theoretically exact) position.
20.0 +2.0
0
0.5 M
The tolerance value is followed

by the material Modifier MMC
unless Regardless of size is
intended.
To specify a total width Tolerance

Zone, No diameter symbol
precedes the tolerance value.
57
BOUNDARY
Page 37
58
BOUNDARY
In Body Engineering controlling the
centre plane of a slotted feature is rarely
a priority.
59
BOUNDARY
12.0 +2.0
0
As no Diameter
symbol precedes
the positional
tolerance, a non
cylindrical zone is
inferred.
2.0 M
BOUNDARY
What we are interested in is controlling the

BOUNDARY of the feature.
+1.0
5.0 0
1.0 M
BOUNDARY
60
BOUNDARY
12.0 MMC Width of Hole
- 2.0 Positional Tolerance
10
12.0 +2.0
0
2.0 M
10.0 Wide Boundary
BOUNDARY
4
5.0 MMC Width of Hole

-1.0 Positional Tolerance
4.0 Wide Boundary
Virtual Condition
+1.0
5.0 0
1.0 M
BOUNDARY
61
BOUNDARY
12.0 +2.0
0
No portion of the
slot surfaces are
permitted to lie
within the area
described by the
Virtual Condition
when the part is
positioned within
the Datum
Reference Frame
2.0 M
BOUNDARY
The POSITION control + BOUNDARY

controls both Location and Orientation
+1.0
5.0 0
1.0 M
BOUNDARY
62
BOUNDARY
12.0 +2.0
0
If the same
Positional Tolerance
value applies to
both the Length and
Width limits of size,
then the Feature
Control Frame is
separated from the
Limits of Size, and
points directly to the
slotted feature.
2.0 M
BOUNDARY
+1.0
5.0 0
2.0 M
BOUNDARY
63
BOUNDARY
If the same
Positional Tolerance
value applies to
both the Length and
Width limits of size,
then the Feature
Control Frame is
separated from the
Limits of Size, and
points directly to the
slotted feature.
12.0 +2.0
0
5.0
+1.0
0
2.0 M
BOUNDARY
64
BOUNDARY
To Summarise
The BOUNDARY note only applies to non cylindrical
features.
The POSITION control + BOUNDARY controls both
Location and Orientation
In this case the word BOUNDARY must be added below
the FCF and the material Modifier MMC specified after
the POSITION tolerance value.
No diameter symbol precedes the tolerance value in
the Feature Control Frame
The positional tolerance specified for the length may
differ from that specified for the width.
65
Zero at MMC concept

Page 44
66
Zero at MMC concept

The Zero at MMC concept applies only to
features whos sole function is
CLEARANCE
67
Example of current
specification
+1.5
10.0 0
1.0 M A B M C M
Actual Mating Tolerance

Envelope
Zone (Dia)
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.5
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.5
Question?
What is the smallest diameter hole
permissible?
Virtual
Condition
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
Answer
10
68
Example of current
specification
+1.5
10.0 0
1.0 M A B M C M

Envelope
Zone (Dia)
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.5
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.5
Virtual
Condition
Question?
If a feature of the part was
measured, and the hole was
found to be Dia 9.6, would this
part be reject?
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
Answer
Yes
69
Example of current
specification
+1.5
10.0 0
1.0 M A B M C M
Question?
But, would the rejected part be

functional?
Answer
The part has been rejected because of feature size alone.
If the part meets the functional gauge requirements, we know the part
is functional.
Therefore it must have been manufactured to a tighter specification
than that stated on the data.
To make the part acceptable we would need to change the data
specification.
70
Example of current
specification
+1.5
10.0 0
1.0 M A B M C M

Envelope
Zone (Dia)
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.5
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.5
Question?
What needs to change?
Virtual
Condition
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
Answer
The specification for the hole
needs to change, by adopting the
Zero at MMC concept
71
Zero at MMC concept

To comply with the Zero at MMC concept for clearance holes;
The Specified value of the Feature of Size is modified to equal
the Virtual Condition, i.e. (MMC-Positional Tolerance).
The geometric tolerance value is incorporated into the features
limits of size
+1.5
10.0 0
9.0
1.0 M A B M C M
+2.5
0
0 M A BM C M
Example:
A zero tolerance is specified in the Feature Control
Frame, and the material modifier MMC MUST follow
the zero tolerance value.
72
Zero at MMC concept

Envelope
Zone (Dia)
9.0
9.3
9.5
9.8
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.5
0
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.5
Virtual
Condition
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
+2.5
0
0 M A B C
The Zero at MMC concept gives

Manufacturing the FULL range of
tolerance available, and since the MMC
size is now equal to the VIRTUAL
CONDITION, no separate MMC feature
size verification is required. (Taylors
Principle)
The LMC feature size must still be
functionally derived and verified
73
Zero at MMC concept

Envelope
Zone (Dia)
9.0
9.3
9.5
9.8
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.5
0
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.5
Virtual
Condition
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
VIRTUAL CONDITION & MMC
9.0
+2.5
0
0 M
LMC FEATURE SIZE
The specified Feature of Size is

not the target size for
manufacturing.
The tolerance available is
dependant on the Feature of Size
The nearer the actual punch size
is to the LMC, the larger the
Tolerance of Position
74
Standard Punch Size

Envelope
Zone (Dia)
9.0
9.3
9.5
9.8
10.0
10.3
10.5
10.8
11.2
11.5
0
0.3
0.5
0.8
1.0
1.3
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.5
+2.5
9.0 0
Virtual
Condition
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
9.0
0 M
Punch diameter will be LMC minus
0.1mm rounded up or down
Example
LMC -0.1mm Punch Dia.
15.27
15.17
15.2
12.76
12.66
12.7
11.5
11.4
11.4
75
Composite Positional
Tolerances
Page 45
76
Tolerances
(For groups of holes)
+0.3
20.0 0
2.0 M A B M C M
0.5 M A
3 x FIX HOLES
The upper segment is referred to as the Pattern Locating
Tolerance Zone Framework (PLTZF)
The lower segment is referred to as the Feature Relating
Tolerance Zone Framework (FRTZF)
77
Tolerances
2.0 M A B M C M
0.5 M A
Actual Hole
Pattern Locating
Tolerance Zone
Feature Relating
tolerance Zone
78
Tolerances
2.0 M A B M C M
0.5 M A
79
Tolerances
The control requires that each actual
2.0 M A B M C M
0.5 M A
feature axis must lie within the specified

tolerance zones of both the upper and
lower segments simultaneously
80
Tolerances
The control requires that each actual
M
2.0
AB M C M
0.5 M A
feature axis must lie within the specified

tolerance zones of both the upper and
lower segments simultaneously
25.0
25.0
81
Tolerances
Before specifying this control verify that;
Its application is supported by the entire core

team.
The control reflects the part feature
manufacturing process.
It will be verified in full down stream.
The added-on cost to the verification process
is justified by the required feature function.
82

Page 43
83

The projected tolerance
zone principle should
be applied to
assemblies that contain
mating parts of
substantial thickness
and are constrained
with fasteners such as
screws in tapped holes,
studs or dowel pins
(termed fixed
fasteners).
84

The PROJECTED Tolerance Zone is invoked by
using the P symbol in the Feature Control Frame
Followed by the dimension indicating the
minimum height of the tolerance zone
M12 x 1.75
0.5 M P 43.2 A B M
CM
MINOR
DIRECTION OF PROJECTED ZONE
43.2
85

The Projected
Tolerance Zone
effectively transfers
the tolerance zone
from inside the tapped
hole/dowel hole out
into the space
occupied by the body
of the bolt/dowel pin
after assembly
86
PROFILE
Page 20
87
PROFILE
Profile is the most versatile and probably
the most powerful of the geometric
Controls.
88
PROFILE
The true profile is defined by the
theoretically exact CAD model (basic
dimensions).
89
PROFILE
Can be specified with or without a datum of reference
If the control has no datum of
reference then the tolerance
value applies to the features
true basic profile and no
orientation or location is
implied.
If the profile control is
referenced to the datum
features of the component
then the considered feature is
fully controlled for size, form,
orientation and location
90
PROFILE
Profile is separated into two types of
controls
Profile of a Line
Profile of a Surface
There are three methods of establishing

the tolerance zone
Bilateral (Default unless otherwise stated)
Unilateral
Special Case
91
Profile of a Line
2.0
The Tolerance establishes a uniform

two-dimensional zone limited by two
parallel zone lines extending along
the length of the considered feature.
The Tolerance is applied
Normal/Perpendicular to the true
profile at all points along the profile.
The actual line element must lie
within the Specified Tolerance Zone.
2.0 (Bilateral)
92
Profile of a Surface
2.0
The Tolerance establishes a uniform

three-dimensional zone contained
between two envelope surfaces
separated by the specified
tolerance.
The zone extends along the length
and width, or circumference of the
considered surface.
2.0
The tolerance is applied normal to

the true basic profile of the
considered surface.
93
Unilateral Tolerance
2.0
TOL. APPLIES IN DIRECTION LMC
HOLE
HOLE
2.0
2.0
BASIC PROFILE
TOL. APPLIES IN DIRECTION MMC
94
2.0
TOL. APPLIES IN MATERIAL DIRECTION
Tolerance Zone
MATERIAL DIRECTION
95
2.0
TOL. APPLIES IN OPPOSITE MATERIAL DIRECTION
MATERIAL DIRECTION
Tolerance Zone
96
Special Case
2.0
TOL. SPLIT:1.5 IN DIRECTION MMC
HOLE
BASIC PROFILE
97
Special Case
2.0
TOL. SPLIT:0.8 IN MATERIAL DIRECTION
0.8 Tolerance Zone
MATERIAL DIRECTION
1.2 Tolerance Zone
98
Element Lines
If, as a result of the relevant surface function it is necessary to
control the surface form with a tighter tolerance than the
tolerance of SIZE, FORM, ORIENTATION and LOCATION, then
the following method is recommended
99
Element Lines
This Represents two separate controls;
The upper FCF is the PROFILE
of the Surface, for SIZE, FORM,
ORIENTATION and LOCATION
controls
2.0 A B M C M
0.5
The Lower FCF is the ELEMENT Lines of the surface FORM

control. No LOCATION or ORIENTATION is implied (No Datums
of Reference)
100
Element Lines
2.0 A B M C M
Actual Surface must lie

within Tolerance
True Basic Profile
Boundary
PROFILE of a Surface 3D
tolerance Boundary for SIZE,
FORM, ORIENTATION and
LOCATION
2.0
101
Element Lines
2.0 A B M C M
0.5
Actual Element Line of the

Surface must lie within
both tolerance boundaries
PROFILE of a Line 2D
Tolerance Boundary located and
oriented anywhere within the 3D
Tolerance boundary
0.5
102
Element Lines
2.0 A B M C M
0.5
Actual Element Line of the

Surface must lie within
both tolerance boundaries
PROFILE of a Line 2D
Tolerance Boundary located and
oriented anywhere within the 3D
Tolerance boundary
0.5
103
Element Lines
To summarise
Both profile controls contain an infinite number

of points to be verified.
The core team should agree the number of
points and their location to ensure consistency
and repeatability in the verification process.
This information is documented on the Control
Plan.
More information can be found in the CAD
Methods web site, under the title
Significant/Critical Characteristics
104
Step 4
Establishing Tolerances
105
Establishing Tolerances
Tolerances should be derived based on the
following;
Function
Cost
Manufacturing Process
From agreed generic tolerance data (see Cad

Methods)
Do Not pick tolerances out of the air, without
documented data with which to supports your
decision.
Do not copy tolerances blindly from previous data
106
Diametral Features
Clearance Holes
Holes with specific
function
107
Clearance
Holes
Tolerance of feature size should be

derived from the generic tolerance
specification, unless otherwise
required, and stated on the 3D model
20.0 +2.5
0
0 M A B M CM
Zero at MMC
concept applies
108
Holes with specific

function
Feature Size and Tolerance of
20.0 +?0
Feature Size to be functionally

derived and stated on the 3D
model
2.0 M A B M C M
The tolerance of POSITION should
be derived from generic tolerance
specification unless otherwise
required
109
Slotted Features
Clearance Slots
Slots with specific function
110
Clearance
Tolerance of feature width and

length should be derived from the
generic tolerance specification,
unless otherwise required, and
stated on the 3D model
20.0 +2.5
0
Zero at MMC concept applies
0 M A B M CM
BOUNDARY
The word BOUNDARY must be added under
the Feature Control Frame
111
Slots with specific function

Feature size and tolerance of feature
size to be functional derived and
stated on the 3D model
20.0 +?0
The tolerance of
POSITION should be
derived from generic
tolerance specification
unless otherwise required.
2.0 M A B M C M
BOUNDARY
The word BOUNDARY

must be added under
the Feature Control
Frame
112
Step 5
Final Approval of GD&T on the
CAD Data
113
Final Approval of GD&T on

the CAD Data
Verification required from the core team
for Steps One to Four.
The goal of this process should be to
prevent any changes associated with
incorrectly specified PMI after engineering
release.
This process allows input and participation
from all activities affected by the data.
114
Thank you for your

attention
115

Geometric Dimension and Tolerancing For Body in White Sheet Metal

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Geometric Dimension and Tolerancing For Body in White Sheet Metal

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GD&T for Body

GD&T for Body Engineering

GD&T for Body Engineering

GD&T for Body Engineering

GD&T for Body Engineering

GD&T for Body Engineering

How GD&T Relates to ABC

The 5 Step Process

GD&T for Body Engineering

Utilise new design concept

Master Control Plan

Master Control Plan

GD&T for Body Engineering

Establish Datum Reference

GD&T for Body Engineering

Datum Reference Frame

Consists of a set of three mutually

Sufficient datum features

GD&T for Body Engineering

GD&T for Body Engineering

Primary Datum Plane

GD&T for Body Engineering

Primary Datum Plane

GD&T for Body Engineering

Primary Datum Plane

GD&T for Body Engineering

Supporting a panel only on the designated Datum Target

Datum Target Areas

Primary Datum Plane

Datum Target Areas

GD&T for Body Engineering

Secondary Datum Feature

GD&T for Body Engineering

Secondary Datum Feature

GD&T for Body Engineering

Secondary Datum Feature

GD&T for Body Engineering

Supporting a panel on the designated Datum Target Areas, and

Tertiary Datum Feature

GD&T for Body Engineering

Tertiary Datum Feature

GD&T for Body Engineering

Tertiary Datum Feature

Supporting a panel on the designated Datum Target Areas,

GD&T for Body Engineering

Common Terms and

GD&T for Body Engineering

Least Material Condition

Regardless of Feature Size

The condition in which a feature of size

Least Material Condition

The condition in which a feature of size contains

The Lightest part

To date no application in the Feature Control

Regardless of Feature Size

Virtual Condition (Shaft)

GD&T for Body Engineering

Virtual Condition (Hole)

Virtual Condition = 9.0

GD&T for Body Engineering

Feature Control Frame

Geometric characteristic symbols, the tolerance