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SETTING-OUT
Mrs. Siti Maryam bt Abdul Wahab
MAR@UiTM
OBJECTIVES
Introduction
Personnel Involved in
Setting Out
1.
-
2.
-
3.
-
Employer :
The person, company or government department that
requires the particular scheme to be undertaken and
finances the project.
Engineer :
investigate the feasibility of the proposed project, to
undertake site investigation and prepare various solutions
for the employers consideration.
Act as independent arbiter and ensure that the works are
carried out in accordance with the drawings, specification,
and other conditions as laid out in the contract.
Contractor :
Chosen from the tenders submitted and a contract is
formed between the Employer and the Contractor.
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The Contractor shall be responsible for the true and proper setting
out of the Works and for the correctness of the position levels
dimensions and alignment of all parts of the Work and for the
provision of all necessary instruments, appliances and labour in
connection therewith.
If at any time during the progress of the Works any error shall
appear or arise in the position levels dimensions or alignment of
any part of the Works the Contractor on being required so to do by
the Engineer shall at his own cost rectify such error to the
satisfaction of the Engineer or the Engineers Representative in
which case the cost of rectifying the same shall be borne by the
Employer.
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Position
Shape
Area
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Horizontal Control
Techniques
1.
2.
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Permanent
Control Points
500-600 mm
concrete block
300-500mm
diameter
Concrete pillar
with a plate
grounded in top
for attaching
instrument
10001500mm
10001500mm
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Baselines
Reference Grids
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Baselines
For example:
- Primary site control such as traverse station A and
B in the next figure can be used to establish a
baseline DE by angle and distance values as
shown.
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Baseline
Subsidiary line
R
T
Secondary site
control points on
baseline established
by bearing and
distance from A & B
S
BUILDING
U
Subsidiary offset lines can be set off at right angles from each
end of the baseline to fix two corners R & S of building. Once R
& S have been pegged out, the horizontal length of RS is
measured & checked against its designed value.
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Design point also can be set out by taping known distances from
each end of a baseline. Here, point A on proposed building is set
out by taping dimensions 1 and 2 from the baseline and point B
by taping dimensions 3 and 4. As before, the set out length of AB
is then checked against its designed value and, if within
tolerance, it can be used as a baseline to set out corners C and
D.
Proposed
Building
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1. Survey
Grid
4.
Secondary
Grid
Reference
Grids
A control
point enables
points to be
set up over a
large area.
Several
different
grids can be
used in
setting out.
2. Site
Grid
3. Structural Grid
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1. Survey Grid
2. Site Grid
Site Grid
points
osed
p
o
r
P
ing
Build
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3. Structural Grid
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4. Secondary Grid
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Offset Pegs
Offset Peg
Proposed
building
Corner Peg
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Coordinate Positioning
Techniques
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1.
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2.
Refer to diagram :
Control Points
Baseline
2nd stage :
a.
Plumb-bob methods
Theodolite methods
Optical plumbing methods
Laser methods
b.
c.
d.
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Principle of Verticality
2 storeys
building
Offset
Theodolite Method
The telescope is elevated to the required floor & the point at which
the line of sight meets the floor is marked.
Once the 8 marks have been transferred, they are joined & the
distance between them & their diagonal lengths are measures as
check.
Theodolite Method
BUILDING
Laser Methods
2 types:
Visible
Invisible beam
Laser Methods
End of third
chapter of the
course
Good luck !!!!!!
Exercise: