Introduction to

Networking
Routing &
CommandLine
By
Mohammed Nazar Hussien

Routing
Routing is the process of moving data across network segments
toward its final destination (different network IP Address)
Routing is a key feature of the Internet involves two basic
activities
Forwarding messages (Need Router or Host)
Analyze a routing table (best path)
series of destination networks (IP)
the address of the local router (IP)
Route cost (metrics) find best path

Routing

Routing Table

Routing

Routing Table

Source source of routing information

C connected
R - RIP
Subnet/Mask define the IP address of a network or a subnet
Out Int outgoing interface, informs router which interface to send
the packets
Next-Hop next-hop router, address of the router where the
packets need to be forwarded

Routing

Routing Protocols Classifications

Routing

Routing Protocols Classifications

Routing

Routing Protocols Classifications

Static Route (fixed)

Routing

Routing Protocols Classifications

Dynamic Route

Routing

Routing Protocols Classifications

Dynamic Route
Dynamic routing protocols do not change how routing is done.
They just allow for dynamic altering of routing tables.
There are two classifications of protocols:
IGP - Interior Gateway Protocol. The name used to describe
the fact that each system on the internet can choose its own
routing protocol. RIP and OSPF.
EGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol. Used between routers of
different systems. There are two of these, the first having the
same name as this protocol description:
EGP - Exterior Gateway Protocol
BGP - Border Gateway Protocol.

Routing

Router

routers need the Internetwork Operating System software (IOS) to

run configuration files.

Routing

Router Memory Components

Routing

ROM

Routing

RAM

Routing

NVRAM

Routing

FLASH

Routing

Interfaces

Routing

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Router Power-On/Bootup Sequence

Perform power-on self test (POST).
Load and run bootstrap code.
Find the Cisco IOS software.
Load the Cisco IOS software.
Find the configuration.
Load the configuration.
Run the configured Cisco
IOS software.

Routing

Router

Routing

Loading the Cisco IOS Software From Flash Memory

Routing

Loading the Configuration

Load and execute the configuration from NVRAM.

If no configuration is present in NVRAM, enter setup mode.

Routing

IOS File System Overview

Routing

External Components of a 2600 Router

Routing

Internal Components of a 2600 Router

Routing

Computer/Terminal Console Connection

Routing

Modem Connections to Console/Aux Port

Routing

Establishing a HyperTerminal Session

Routing

HyperTerminal Session Properties

Command Instruction

Show Configuration: sh conf

Show running: sh run
Configure Terminal: conf t
Line auxillary: line aux
Line console: line con

Configuring a Routers Name

This task is accomplished in global configuration mode using the
following commands:
Router(config)#hostname Gates
Gates(config)#
As soon as the Enter key is pressed, the prompt changes from the
default host name (Router) to the newly configured host name
(which is Gates in the example above).

Command Instruction
To Set a Clock & Date

Command Instruction
Message Of The Day (MOTD)

A message-of-the-day (MOTD) banner can be

displayed on all connected terminals.
Enter Configuration Mode
Router# config t
Router(config)# banner motd # Welcome to
Gates Training #
Then you can save changging
Router(config)# copy run start

Command Instruction

Privileged Mode Command

# show

startup-config
# show running-config
# show version
# show flash
# show interfaces
# show interfaces s 0
# show history
# show terminal
# terminal history size 25

Command Instruction

Password
Passwords restrict access to routers.
Passwords should always be configured for
virtual terminal lines and the console line.
Passwords are also used to control access to
privileged EXEC mode so that only authorized
users may make changes to the configuration
file.

There are five passwords for Router

Privileged Mode Password 2
Line Console Password
Auxiliary Port Password
Telnet Password

Command Instruction

Privileged Mode Password

Gates(config)# enable password gates

Encrypted privilege mode password
Gates(config)# enable secret gates1

Line Password

Gates(config)# line console 0

Gates(config)# password cisco
Gates(config)# login

Command Instruction

Aux Port Password

Gates(config)# line aux 0

Gates(config)# password cisco
Gates(config)# login
Telnet Password
Typically Cisco routers support five VTY lines numbered 0
through 4.

Gates(config)# line vty 0 4

Gates(config)# password cisco
Gates(config)# login

Command Instruction

Encrypting Passwords

Only the enable secret password is encrypted by default

Need to manually configure the user-mode and enable passwords for
encryption

Router#config t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with
CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#service password-encryption

Command Instruction

Disable Passwords

Gates(config)# no enable password

Gates(config)# no enable secret
For the Console
Gates(config)# line con 0
Gates(config)# no password
For the Console
Gates(config)# line vty 0 4
Gates(config)# no password

Connecting to Aux Port

LAB Interface Configuration

Command Instruction

Descriptions

Setting descriptions on an interface is helpful to the

administrator
Only locally significant
R1(config)#int e0
R1(config-if)#description Sales Lan
R1(config-if)#int s0
R1(config-if)#desc Wan to Mumbai

Command Instruction

Configuring Interfaces

Command Instruction

DCE DTE

To find out DCE or DTE

#Show controllers s 0

Viewing Configuration

To Check the status of interface

#Show IP interface brief
or
#Sh IP int brief