DISASTER MANAGEMENT

Definition of a Disaster
A disaster can be defined as any occurrence that
cause damage, ecological disruption , loss of human
life, deterioration of health and health services on a
scale, sufficient to warrant an extraordinary response
from outside the affected community or area.
(W.H.O)
A disaster can be defined as an occurrence either
nature or manmade that causes human suffering and
creates human needs that victims cannot alleviate
without assistance.
American Red Cross (ARC)

Types
of
Disaster
Types of Disaster

Causes

.
of Disaster
.

Enormous population
pressure and
urbanization.
A flood, a drought or an
earthquake millions of
people are affected each
time a disaster occurs.
Large-scale displacement
and the loss of life, loss of
property, agriculture crops
and deforestation.

Causes of Disaster
The reasons for this are
varied including: An increasing population
pressures in urban areas.
An increase in the extent
of encroachment into
lands, e.g., river beds or
drainage courses, low
lying areas etc.
Poor at ignored zoning
laws and policies.
Lack of proper risk
management (insurance).

Characteristic of Disaster

Factors Affecting
Disaster
.

Disaster
Managemen
t
.

Definition
Disaster Management
of a Disaster

Disaster Management

.
Disaster Management
Involves
Dealing with and avoiding both
natural and man made disasters.
Preparedness before disaster.
Rebuilding and supporting society
after natural disasters or manmade disaster.

Phases of Disaster

Phases
of
Disaster
Phases of Disaster

Principle of
Disaster Management
Disaster management is the responsibility of
all spheres of government
Disaster management should use resources
that exist for a day-to-day purpose.
Organizations should function as an
extension of their core business.
Individuals are responsible for their own
safety.
Disaster management planning should focus
on large-scale events.

Principle of
Disaster Management
DM planning should recognize the
difference between incidents and
disasters.
DM planning must take account of
the type of physical environment and
the structure of the population.
DM arrangement must recognize the
involvement and potential role of
non- government agencies.

Phases of
Disaster Management

Disaster Preparedness
Preparedness should be in
the form of money,
manpower and materials.
Evaluation from past
experiences about risk.
Location of disaster prone
areas.
Organization of
communication,
information and warning
system.
Ensuring co-ordination and
response mechanisms.

Disaster Preparedness
Development of public
education
programmers.
Co-ordination with
media, First Aid,
Drinking Water.
National &
international relations.
Keeping stock of
foods, drug and other
essential commodities.

Disaster Impact
Search, rescue
and first aid.
Field care.
Triage.
Tagging.
Identification of
dead.
Quest for Safer
areas.

Disaster Response
Epidemiologic
surveillance and
disease control.
Vaccination.
Nutrition.
Temporary shelter.
First Aid.
Security.
Evacuation to safer
locations.

Rehabilitation Phase
Water Supply
Food Safety
Basic sanitation
and personal
hygiene
Vector control
Medicines
Financial Aid to
Victims.

Disaster Management Cycle

INTERNATIONAL
GOVERNMENT ORGANISATIONS

International Agencies
for Help at the time of Disaster
Which provides humanitarian assistance to
the disaster strike areas are United Nation
agencies.
Office for the co-ordination of Humanitarian
Affair (OCHA)
World Health Organization (WHO)
UNICEF
World Food Programme (WFP)
Food & Agricultural Organization (FAD)
United Nations of Organisation (UNO)

NATIONAL
GOVERNMENT
ORGANISATIONS
.

National Disaster Management Authority

(NDMA), National Agency for Action
Emergence of an organization is always through an evolutionary process.
NDMA has also gone through the same stages. The Government of India
(GOI), in recognition of the importance of Disaster Management as a
national priority, set up a High-Powered Committee (HPC) in August 1999
and a National Committee after the Gujarat earthquake, for making
recommendations on the preparation of Disaster Management plans and
suggesting effective mitigation mechanisms. The Tenth Five-Year Plan
document also had, for the first time, a detailed chapter on Disaster
Management. The Twelfth Finance Commission was also mandated to
review the financial arrangements for Disaster Management.
On 23 December 2005, the Government of India enacted the Disaster
Management Act, which envisaged the creation of National Disaster
Management Authority (NDMA), headed by the Prime Minister, and State
Disaster Management Authorities (SDMAs) headed by respective Chief
Ministers, to spearhead and implement a holistic and integrated
approach to Disaster Management in India.

NDMA VISION
"To build a safer and
disaster resilient India
by a holistic, proactive, technology
driven and sustainable
development strategy
that involves all
stakeholders and
fosters a culture of
prevention,
preparedness and
mitigation."

NDMA Organization

NDMA
Function & Response

Lay down guidelines to be followed by the different

Ministries or Departments of the Government of India for
the Purpose of integrating the measures for prevention of
disaster or the mitigation of its effects in their development
plans and projects
NDMA, as the apex body, is mandated to lay down the
policies, plans and guidelines for Disaster Management to
ensure timely and effective response to disasters. Towards
this, it has the following responsibilities:Lay down policies on disaster management ;
Approve the National Plan;
Approve plans prepared by the Ministries or Departments of
the Government of India in accordance with the National
Plan;
Lay down guidelines to be followed by the State Authorities
in drawing up the State Plan;

NDMA
Function & Response
Coordinate the enforcement and implementation of the
policy and plans for disaster management;
Recommend provision of funds for the purpose of
mitigation;
Provide such support to other countries affected by major
disasters as may be determined by the Central
Government;
Take such other measures for the prevention of disaster,
or the mitigation, or preparedness and capacity building
for dealing with threatening disaster situations or
disasters as it may consider necessary;
Lay down broad policies and guidelines for the functioning
of the National Institute of Disaster Management.

NDMA POLICY
The National Policy framework has been prepared after due deliberation
and keeping in view the National Vision to build a safe and disasterresilient India by developing a holistic, proactive, multi-disaster and
technology-driven strategy for DM. This will be achieved through a culture
of prevention, mitigation and preparedness to generate a prompt and
efficient response during disasters. The entire process will centre-stage the
community and will be provided momentum and sustenance through the
collective efforts of all government agencies and Non-Governmental
Organizations.
In order to translate this vision into policy and plans, the NDMA has
adopted a mission-mode approach involving a number of initiatives with
the help of various institutions operating at the national, state and local
levels. Central ministries, States and other stakeholders have been
involved in the participatory and consultative process of evolving policies
and guidelines.

NDMA POLICY
This Policy framework is also in conformity with the
International Strategy for Disaster Reduction, the Rio
Declaration, the Millennium Development Goals and the
Hyogo Framework 2005-2015. The themes that underpin
this policy are: Community-based disaster management, including last
mile integration of the policy, plans and execution.
Capacity development in all related areas.
Consolidation of past initiatives and best practices.
Cooperation with agencies at the national, regional and
international levels.
Compliance and coordination to generate a multi-sectoral
synergy.

NDMA POLICY
From the national vision and the theme mentioned earlier, the objectives guiding
the policy formulation have evolved to include:

Promoting a culture of prevention and preparedness by centre-staging DM as an
overriding priority at all levels and at all times.
Encouraging mitigation measures based on state-of-the-art technology and
environmental sustainability.
Mainstreaming DM concerns into the development planning process.
Putting in place a streamlined institutional techno-legal framework in order to
create and preserve the integrity of an enabling regulatory environment and a
compliance regime.
Developing contemporary forecasting and early warning systems backed by
responsive and fail-safe communications and Information Technology (IT) support.
Promoting a productive partnership with the Media, NGOs and the Corporate
Sector in the areas of awareness generation and capacity development.
Ensuring efficient response and relief with a caring humane approach towards the
vulnerable sections of the society.
Making reconstruction an opportunity to rebuild back better and construct
disaster-resilient structures and habitats.

Indian Meteorological department

(IMD)
Plays a key role in
forewarning the disaster
of cyclone-storms by
detection tracing. It has
5 centers in Kolkata,
Bhubaneswar,
Vishakhapatnam,
Chennai and Mumbai.
In addition there are 31
special observation
posts setup a long the
east coast of India.

NONGOVERNMENT
ORGANISATION
S
(NGO)
.

Non Governmental Organizations

for Help at the time of Disaster
Co-operative
America Relief
Every where
(CARE)
International
committee of Red
Cross
International
committee of Red
Cross America

ROLE OF
NATIONAL CADETS
CORPS

Role and Task of NCC

Broad bases responsibilities at
NCC are enumerated below
HQ DG NCC will coordinate relief
efforts and advise State Directorates
on regularization of ration, FOL and
stores.
Main work is required to be done at
State, Group and Unit level.

HQ DG NCC
Branches

Role of Branches
Training Branch
Formulation and Promulgation of SOPs.
Establishment and functioning of
Control Room at HQ DG NCC.
Issue of certificates of participation
based on which the cadets
contribution is to be recognized by the
State Government.

Role of
of Branches
Branches
Role
P & C Branch
Publicity in national media at Delhi
based on material received from the
State Directorate.

P & F Branch
Financial aspects to include Group
insurance and regularization of
expenditure.

Role of
of Branches
Branches
Role
Logistics Branch
Assessment of assistance required
and provision of logistic requirement
as asked by State Directorate and
regularization of FOL and Stories
used.

MS Branch
Legal Aspects including recognition
of aid provided by State Government.

State Directorates
Directorate
State
Formulation of SOPs/Plans within the State.
Update of data.
Strength of cadets( Unit wise).
Establishment of Control Room.
Coordination with State Administration.
Training of NCC Cadets.
Check list of Warning System.
Communication systems available and
required.
Capacity Building of units and cadets.
Elaborate role of Officers, ANOs and PI

Group Headquarters
Revision of Plans and SOPs pertaining to
their given area updating of data.
Establishment of Control Room.
Monitoring of SOPs/ Plans.
Mitigation measures, Physical preparedness
to prevent loss due to disaster.
Strengthening of available Data base.
Documentation.
Role of Officers, ANOs, PI Staff at Group HQs.

NCC Battalion/Unit
Revision and Monitoring of SOPs/Plans.
Strengthening and Monitoring resources and
strength.
Training in disaster management.
Check list up date and monitoring.
Physical mustering of strength and resources.
Elaborate role of Unit Commander and PI Staff.
Motivation.
Mental make up.
Psychological conditioning of Cadets.

Education Institution
Group of Cadets
Rehearsal of DOs and Donts.
Awareness of Disaster.
Physical presence of ANOs , NCC
Appointment and Cadets.
Check list of items needed in
disaster situation.
Training for preparation and
execution of Plans/SOPs.
Delegation of responsibility.

Individuals
Knowledge of Plans.
Risk factor knowledge.
Training.
Awareness.
Responding to Warnings.

Active Involvement
of NCC
Action at District Headquarters for
District Contingency Plans in
NCC ACTION Earthquake

Earthquake Action Plan

Planning and

Preparation:To be prepared well in

advance at Units/Group HQs
Identification of
Earthquake Prone Area.:To be done at District and
State Administration level.

Identification of Problems
Loss of human life. Search by NCC Cadets.
Casualties buried under fallen debris. Help removal of
debris by NCC Cadets.
Destruction and Damage to Buildings. Civil
Administration undertakes repair work. NCC Cadets
keep vigil.
Disruption of civic ameitites, e.g electricity, water,
transport, medical, telephones, civil supplies etc.
Assistance for restoration by NCC Cadets.
Landslide in hilly areas. Assistance by NCC Cadets.
Exposure to disease and danger of epidemics.
Education of population by NCC Cadets.

Identification
of Problems
Problems
Identification of
Breakdown of law and order. Assistance to
civil police by NCC cadets.
Breakdown of normal Government
machinery in affected areas due to
Government servants themselves being
affected by earthquake. Assistance to NGOs
by NCC Cadets.
Loss of morale. Restore confidence amongst
people by interacting with them.
Movement of population. Assistance in
Traffic Regulation and control by NCC cadets.

Identification and Mobilization of

Resources
Mobilization of available NCC
cadets strength by Group HQs/
Units as per SOPs.

Command and Control

NCC organization in tandem

with Civil Administration.

Advance Preparatory Action

Preparation of Plans and skeleton
organization in advance.
Training of Cadets.
Establishment of alternative means of
mobile communication.
Plans for rescue of casualties trapped
under debris.
Medical plans for first aid.
Removal of Debris.

Advance
Preparatory
Action
Advance Preparatory Action
Emergency sanitation, alternative supplies of water,
salvage and custody of valuables, procurement,
distribution/accounting of gift stores, care of animals
etc.
Establishment of camps, information and guidance
on essential matters, evacuation of people,
alternative of facilities including food, clothing and
shelter.
Protection of properties including objects of art and
things of cultural importance.
Publicity.
Prevention of panic and upkeep of morale.

After Earthquake
Instant
Reaction.
Provision of
medical, moral
and material
help.
Camp-work and
Employment.
Information

Cyclone Action Plan

Action after first
warning
Sufficient stock of
food grains, kerosene
and other dry food
commodities are
available for
distribution to the
victims as
provisioned by civil
administration.

Cyclone
Cyclone Action
Action Plan
Plan
Medical and
Veterinary
Department are
fully equipped with
required Drugs and
vaccines for taking
preventive
employing medical
and veterinary unit
cadets.

Action is taken for

opening of cyclone
shelters for
providing the
shelters.
Cadets must assist
Civil Administration
to ensure the
action plan.

Action After Receipt of the

Second Warning (Actual Threat)
Evaluation : Threat
perception and
safety of own cadets.
Restoration of
Traffic : Help Civil
Administration .
Regulation of
traffic on National
Highways : Assist
Civil Administration

Post- Cyclone Measures

Health Measures : First Aid.
Restoration of traffic : Help civil
administration.
Adequate number of mobile squads shall
also be made available by NCC to help civil
administration for clearing the fallen trees.
The Units/Group HQs must ensure build up
of photographic record of the damage,
simultaneously, using services of the local
Officers or by employing local media men.

Flood Action Plan

Pre-flood arrangements
Functioning of the Control
Rooms.
Installation of temporary
Wireless in flood-prone areas.
Arrangement of dry food stuff
and other necessities of life
as provisioned by civil
administration.
Health measures. Provision of
First Aid.
Training in flood relief work.
Organization of relief parties.

Flood
Plan
Flood Action
Action Plan
Organizing rescue
operations.
Organizing shelter for
the people in distress.
Provision of basic
amenities like drinking
water, sanitation and
public health care and
arrangement of cooked
food in the relief camps.
Health measures.
Provision of First Aid.

Organization enough
relief parties to the
rescue of the marooned
people within a
reasonable time limits
Repairs and
reconstruction of
infrastructural facilities
such as roads,
embankments.
Resettlement of flood
prone areas.

Drought Action Plan

Early Warning
System.
Drinking Water.
Help Civil
Administration in
implementation of
a detailed
contingency plan
for supply of
medicines,
nutrition, drinking
water etc.

Drought
Drought Action
Action Plan
Plan
Help Civil
Administration in
implementation of plans
to supply drinking water
in urban areas through
bores, tanker special
trains and other
suitable measures.
Continuously monitor
rural and urban drinking
water availability in
drought affected areas
and keep Civil
Adminstration informed

Public Health
Disinfect drinking
water sources to
prevent the spread of
water-borne diseases.
Draw up plans to cope
with likely epidemics.
Constant surveillance
of public health
measure including
immunization to be
undertaken

The nutritional
requirement of all
the children,
expectant mothers
and nursing
mothers should be
taken care of.

Helping Other is the way

We help ourselves