CH 24.

2: Europe Faces Revolution

Liberal and Nationalist uprisings challenged
to old conservative order of Europe

Nationalism
Definition: the belief that a persons greatest
loyalty should not be to a king or an empire
but to a nation of people who share a
common culture (and language) & history
Wanted to create nation-states, which had
independent governments and protected a
peoples way of life
Competing political philosophies

Philosophies
Conservative
Fearful of change, generally supported
monarchies
Wealthy property owners & nobility

Liberal
Give power to legislatures, only well-educated
people can vote
Middle-class business leaders & merchants

Radical
Drastic change, extend democracy to all people
Expand ideas of the French Revolution

Challenging Authority
The Ottoman Empire controlled most of the
Balkans
Greece
Albania
Romania
former Yugoslavia

Greece was the 1st country to gain its

independence (rebelled in 1821,
Independence in 1830)
Received lots of support from other European
countries (Britain, France, Russia)

Other 1830 Nationalist Uprisings

Europeans were unhappy about how the
Congress of Vienna redrew the borders
Different ethnic groups in Europe wanted to
have their own independent countries
Belgians revolt against the Dutch
Italians revolt against Austria and the Pope
Polish people revolt against Russia

Each revolt was crushed by the more powerful

country

Revolutions of 1848
Many of the revolutions took place in the
Austrian Empire
Vienna
Budapest
Prague

Led by liberals demanding independence and

more freedom
Conservatives triumph, but the ideals of
nationalism dont go away

France & 1848

Background
In 1830 Charles X tried to return France to absolute
monarchy
Louis-Philippe comes to power and creates liberal
reforms

1848
Louis-Philippe falls out of favor
3rd Republic is established (Radicals split into
factions, violence in the streets)
At the end of the year Louis-Napoleon comes to
power (becomes Emperor) improves Frances
infrastructure
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FgQgzKVX9jc

CH 24.4: Revolution in the Arts

Artistic and intellectual movements both

reflected and fueled changes in Europe
during the 1800s

Changes in Art during the 19th century

During the 1st half of the 19th century artists
focused on romanticism

Stressed an interest in nature

Focused on inner feelings and emotions
Glorified the past
Worshiped heroes

Romantic Literature
Novel: Don Quioxte by Miguel de Cervantes
Poetry

Music
Mozart began the classical style during the
Enlightenment
Beethoven (evolved out of the classical style to
romanticism)

Eugene Delacroix
Leader of the French Romantic school of painting
Focused on color & movement
Liberty Leading the People

2nd Half of the 19th century

Confronted with failed revolutions and the
negative effects of industrialization artists
turned towards Realism
Realism = showing life as it actually is
Photography
Novel: Oliver Twist by Charles Dickens

Impressionism = a moment in time

Focused on people having a good time
Use of light and color
Monet, Renoir, Degas