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Special thanks
to our workshop sponsors
Workshop Objective
Teach a process that participants can use to manage
their energy expenditures.
Be able to describe energy expenditures and describe
how they relate to Key Performance Indicators of your
organization.
Leave with a template of an Energy Plan.
Infrastructure
Financial
Performance
Partnership
Choices: Infrastructure
Choices: Financial
Net Savings
Quick Paybacks
Financing
Equity Contributions
Multiple Funding Streams
ROI
Priorities
Choices: Partnership
Choices
Dependence / Independence
Training
Risk Allocation
Measurement & Verification
Reporting
Choices: Performance
Choices
Utility Expenses
O&M Expenses
Energy Usage & Demand
Occupant Comfort
Complaint Reduction
Carbon Emissions
Turnaround
To produce quick results; not sustainable over the
long-term.
Examples: selling off assets, lowering costs, cutting
employees
Transformation Definition
Trans`for`ma`tion n. The process of motivating
organizational members to alter their patterns of
behavior in alignment with shifting demands of the
external environment.
Transformation Formula
Tr = f(D, M, P)
Tr = Transformation
D = Dissatisfaction
M = Model of future state
P = Process
Strategic
Planning
Based
on Energy
the work
of Michael
Beer
What do I have?
How old is it?
What is its condition?
How long was it expected to last?
How is it operating?
Is it wasting energy?
Is it causing complaints?
Is it costing $$ to maintain?
Will it cause an emergency upon failure?
Better Question:
How well can you
communicate your
situation?
(24 preferred).
by account.
by function.
by process.
Financial Measures
$ energy / $ Earnings
Btu / $ Earnings
Btu / sq ft
$ energy / sq ft
or
Productivity Measures
Annual Use
Increase
Annual Cost
Escalation
2008
Cost
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
3.2%
18.7%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
1.1%
8.2%
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
215,000
140,000
16,000
8,500
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
221,880
166,180
16,176
9,197
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
228,980
197,256
16,354
9,951
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
236,308
234,142
16,534
10,767
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
243,869
277,927
16,716
11,650
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
251,673
329,899
16,900
12,605
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
259,727
391,591
17,085
13,639
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
7.5%
0.0%
0.0%
$
$
$
85,100
-
$
$
$
91,483
-
$
$
$
98,344
-
$
$
$
105,719
-
$
$
$
113,648
-
$
$
$
122,172
-
$
$
$
131,335
-
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
20.6%
0.0%
$
$
$
3,800
-
$
$
$
4,583
-
$
$
$
5,527
-
$
$
$
6,665
-
$
$
$
8,038
-
$
$
$
9,694
-
$
$
$
11,691
-
0.0%
0.0%
0.0%
3.0%
3.0%
0.0%
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
Energy Budget
383,300
418,016
458,068
504,416
558,201
620,772
693,733
Maintenance Budget
85,100
91,483
98,344
105,719
113,648
122,172
131,335
468,400
509,498
556,411
610,136
671,849
742,944
825,068
Typical Escalation
4.6%
2.0%
$ 5,634,962
$ 2,997,310
$ 5,894,170
$ 3,057,256
$ 6,165,302
$ 3,118,401
$ 6,448,906
$ 3,180,769
$ 6,745,556
$ 3,244,385
$ 7,055,851
$ 3,309,272
$ 7,380,420
$ 3,375,458
8.3%
0.16
8.6%
0.17
9.0%
0.18
9.5%
0.19
10.0%
0.21
10.5%
0.22
11.2%
0.24
Load Profiles
Interval Data
Sub-metered Data
Energy Allocation by Cost Center
Energy Use by Process
45,000
40,000
35,000
30,000
25,000
20,000
J an
Annual Load
Feb
P P L 375,000 MWh
GP U 260,000 MWh
AP S 115,000 MWh
Mar
Apr
May
J un
J ul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Billing errors
Rate structure and applicable riders
Rate assignment
Deregulated supply of energy commodity
Reliability and quality of energy supply
2.
3.
4.
Facility walkthroughs
Benchmarking by facility type
Focused energy audits
Investment grade energy audits
Commissioning & retro-commissioning
Continuous commissioning
Contrast to Benchmarks
Electric { $0.06 to $0.10 per kWh }
Natural Gas { $9.00 to $12.00 per MCF}
Fuel Oil (non-highway) { $3.50 per gal }
Coal { $120 per ton }
Gasoline { $3.50 per gal }
Diesel (highway) { $4.50 per gal }
Average Fuel Economy Auto { 20 to 25 mpg }
Average Fuel Economy Sm Truck { 15 to 20 mpg }
Do your costs compare?
Per Account
Per Building
Per Vehicle class
EUI by Activity
Energy Intensity for
Sum of Major Fuels
(thousand Btu/
square foot)
Northeast
Principal Building Activity
Education ........................................
Food Sales ......................................
Food Service ...................................
Health Care .....................................
Inpatient ........................................
Outpatient .....................................
Lodging ...........................................
Retail (Other Than Mall)...................
Office ..............................................
Public Assembly ..............................
Public Order and Safety ..................
Religious Worship ...........................
Service ............................................
Warehouse and Storage .................
101.6
248.1
272.8
212.2
275.3
84.7
92.3
65.0
101.2
89.2
132.5
52.1
79.8
41.6
Midwest
86.3
219.1
218.8
205.6
272.2
124.4
109.0
102.7
108.8
101.7
105.9
52.8
85.0
74.7
South
75.5
187.7
283.4
169.8
226.7
60.9
96.9
68.7
87.0
93.2
113.1
38.3
66.3
26.7
West
77.6
Q
243.8
179.6
246.8
115.3
103.7
63.2
72.1
91.2
Q
27.6
80.0
39.0
2.
Building envelope
Boiler and steam distribution
HVAC equipment
Electrical supply system
Lights, windows and reflective surfaces
Hot water distribution
Air compressors and air distribution
Motors
Manufacturing processes
Commissioning
2.
Retro-Commissioning
3.
Efficiency of Equipment
Efficiency of Equipment and Processes
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Efficiency of Equipment
Maintenance Procedures
1.
Corrective Maintenance
2.
Must be timely
Must be done correctly the first time
Preventative Maintenance
Efficiency of Equipment
Control Systems
1.
2.
Efficiency of Equipment
System Upgrades
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Lighting
Over-sized Equipment
Motors (Fans and Pumps) & VFDs
Advanced controls
Steam trap replacements
Condensing boilers
Insulation
System redesign
Efficiency of Equipment
Alternate Fuels and
Procurement of New Equipment
1.
Alternate Fuels
2.
Efficiency of Equipment
Measurement & Verification
1.
2.
3.
Organizational Integration
Put Energy In Front of Everyone
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Programs
Projects
Accessible
0%
Load Profiles
0%
Interval Data
0%
Sub-Metering
0%
Monthly Bills
0%
0%
Reporting
0%
Error Resolution
0%
Supplier Choice
0%
0%
Rate Optimize
0%
0%
Risk Management
0%
Account Management
0%
Walk Through
0%
Diagnostic Audit
0%
DE Audit
0%
Use
0%
Operating Procedures
0%
Corrective Maint
0%
Preventive Maint
Equipment
Systems Control
0%
Lighting Upgrades
Alternate Fuels
Data
Supply
Organizational
Integration
Commissioning
0%
On-going Monitoring
0%
0%
System Upgrades
0%
0%
Standards
0%
0%
New Technology
0%
System M&V
0%
Project Approval
0%
0%
Energy Planning
0%
0%
0%
Results Auditing
0%
Resource Mgmt
0%
0%
Budget Preperation
0%
Accountability
0%
Supply
Use
Equipment
Organizational
Integration
Integration
Projects
Projects
Monthly Bills
100%
0%
100%
0%
100%
0%
Reporting
100%
0%
Error
Resolution
Error Resolution
100%
0%
Supplier Choice
Supplier
Choice
100%
0%
Demand
Supply Optimize
Demand -- Supply
Optimize
100%
0%
Rate Optimize
100%
0%
100%
0%
Risk Management
100%
0%
Account Management
100%
0%
Walk Through
Walk
Through
100%
0%
Diagnostic Audit
Audit
Diagnostic
100%
0%
DE
Audit
DE Audit
100%
0%
100%
0%
Operating Procedures
100%
0%
Commissioning
100%
0%
On-going Monitoring
100%
0%
System Upgrades
100%
0%
Accessible
Accessible
Data
Data
Programs
Programs
Sub-Metering
Sub-Metering
100%
0%
Interval Data
100%
0%
100%
0%
Load Profiles
Profiles
Load
Corrective Maint
100%
0%
Preventive Maint
100%
0%
Systems Control
100%
0%
Lighting Upgrades
100%
0%
Standards
100%
0%
Alternate Fuels
0%
100%
New Technology
0%
100%
System M&V
0%
100%
100%
0%
Energy Planning
100%
0%
Project Approval
100%
0%
100%
0%
100%
0%
Results Auditing
100%
0%
Resource Mgmt
0%
100%
0%
100%
Budget Preperation
0%
100%
Accountability
0%
100%
Overview
What does it take to Implement Change and Improvements?
Time
Money
Expertise
Process Flowchart
Cause
1
Cause
3
Cause
2
Cause
4
Effect
Cause
5
Total
Electric
Other Fuels
28.2%
2.8%
25.4%
19.8%
18.4%
1.4%
12.1%
2.1%
10.0%
8.6%
7.9%
0.7%
4.6%
4.3%
0.3%
4.3%
0.4%
3.9%
4.0%
3.7%
0.3%
3.1%
2.9%
0.2%
2.4%
2.2%
0.2%
12.8%
4.3%
8.5%
100.0%
49.0%
51.0%
Total $ Spent
Total Departmental $ Spent
Total Consumption (Gallons or Miles)
$ per Mile or $ per Hour
Efficiency of Use MPG or Hours/gal
Total Maintenance $
in
in
in
in
energy savings?
maintenance savings?
improved quality of service?
improved comfort levels?
Funding Improvements
Fund out of Operating Budget
Piecemeal approach
Cross over two fiscal periods to double the impact
Bond Issue
Construction Options
Design-Bid-Build
First Cost Driven
Performance Contracting
Lifecycle Cost Driven
Traditional Design-Bid-Build
Identify
Need
Build
Classic
Reduce Scope Procurement
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Design
Bid
Review
Costs
Traditional Design-Bid-Build
Identify
Need
Classic
Procurement
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Traditional Design-Bid-Build
Identify
Need
Classic
Procurement
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Design
Designed to first cost budget; little or no
consideration of long-term performance
Traditional Design-Bid-Build
Identify
Need
Classic
Procurement
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Design
Bid
Review
Costs
Traditional Design-Bid-Build
Identify
Need
Classic
Reduce Scope Procurement
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Design
Bid
Review
Costs
Traditional Design-Bid-Build
Identify
Need
Build
Classic
Reduce Scope Procurement
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Design
Bid
Review
Costs
Traditional Design-Bid-Build
Identify
Need
Build
Classic
Reduce Scope Procurement
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Design
Bid
Review
Costs
Performance Contracting
Performance Metrics
Commissioning
Identify
Need
The
PC
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Change
Course
Campus Audit
Design /
Build
Value = Outstanding performance per $$ spent
Performance Contracting
Identify
Need
The
PC
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Change
Course
Campus Audit
Performance Contracting
Identify
Need
The
PC
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Change
Course
Campus Audit
Design /
Designed for operational and lifecycle
performance
Performance Contracting
Identify
Need
The
PC
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Change
Course
Campus Audit
Design /
Build
ESCO is responsible for entire project
single source accountability
Performance Contracting
Identify
Need
Commissioning
The
PC
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Change
Course
Campus Audit
Design /
Build
Commissioning and verification
of project performance after construction
Performance Contracting
Performance Metrics
Commissioning
Identify
Need
The
PC
Cycle
Budget
Appropriate
Change
Course
Campus Audit
Design /
Build
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