Wireless Battery Charging

Group Members:

Rabbya Manzar
Samreen Shaikh
Hafsah Baig
Warda

Submitted to:
Miss Faseeha

Aims and Objective

The main objective of Wireless Charger System is to
charge the mobile battery by using wireless charger. The
dream of wireless charging is just to be able to plop your
phone on a shelf after work and have it fully charged
when you pick it up again on your way out. This
technology will replace cables and standardize on one
interface, potentially being able to adjust power settings
to charge different types of batteries.

Introduction
Wireless battery charging or wireless inductive charging as it is also called, is a
method for transferring electrical energy from a charger to a device without the
need for a physical wire connection. In view of the development of wireless
charging or inductive charging, it has now come into the mainstream with many
companies seeking to adopt the technology to provide a competitive edge to their
products in the marketplace.
Wireless charging uses an electromagnetic field to transfer energy between two
objects. This is usually done with a charging station. Energy is sent through an
inductive coupling to an electrical device, which can then use that energy to
charge batteries or run the device. Induction chargers use an induction coil to
create an alternating electromagnetic field from within a charging base, and a
second induction coil in the portable device takes power from the electromagnetic
field and converts it back into electric current to charge the battery. The two
induction coils in proximity combine to form an electrical transformer. Greater
distances between sender and receiver coils can be achieved when the inductive
charging system uses resonant inductive coupling.
Recent improvements to this resonant system include using a movable
transmission coil and the use of other materials for the receiver coil made of
silver plated copper or sometimes aluminum to minimize weight and decrease
resistance due to the skin effect.
There are inductive and conductive wirelesses charging. Inductive charging
involves the use of an induction coil which produces an electromagnetic field via

induction coil. Conductive charging requires a physical connection between the

electronic device's battery and the power supply. To accomplish this without the
use of physical cords connected to wall outlets, special attachments are made
from electronic devices which are fitted with technology that can detect when the
device makes connection with the power source, often a charging base.

Wireless battery charging basics

Wireless battery charging uses an inductive or magnetic field

between two objects which are typically coils to transfer the
energy from one to another. The energy is transferred from
the energy source to the receiver where it is typically used to
charge the battery in the device.
This makes wireless charging or inductive charging ideal for
use with many portable devices such as mobile phones and
other wireless applications. However they have also found
widespread use in products such as electric toothbrushes
where cordless operation is needed and where connections
would be very unwise and short-lived.
The system is essentially a flat form of transformer - flat
because this makes it easier to fit into the equipment in which
it is to be used. Many wireless battery charging systems are
used in consumer items where small form factors are
essential.

Wireless battery charging concept

The primary side of the transformer is connected to the energy supply that will
typically be a mains power source, and the secondary side will be within the
equipment where the charge is required.
In many applications the wireless battery charging system will consist of two flat
coils. The power source is often contained within a pad or mat on which the
appliance to be charged is placed.

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Major Components of Wireless Battery

ChargingSystem
The wireless charging transmitter
is powered by an inputDCrail of 5 V to 19 V,
typically derived from aUSBport or an AC/DCpower adapter.

A switched transistor bridge using two or four FETs drives a coil and series
capacitor. A resonant frequency is set internally, by means of the series
capacitor.

The transmitter has a coil to transfer power by electromagnetic induction.

Some transmitters support multi-coil arrays, driven by separate bridges which
are automatically selected to deliver the highest coupled power into the
wireless power receiver.

The induced power is coupled to the wireless power receiver, which has a
similar coil to collect the incoming power.

The receiver rectifies the power by means of diode rectifiers, usually made of
FETs for improving the efficiency. It also filters the power using ceramic output
capacitors, and then applies it to the battery that needs to be charged, either
through a linear stage or a switching regulator.

The battery inside the portable device receives the power and charges up. The
receiver can command the transmitter to adjust the charging current or

Battery Chargers & Battery Accessories

The RS range of battery chargers and accessories covers AA and AAA battery
chargers and battery testers for daily applications like laptops and mobile
phones. RS also stocks accessories for electronics design, including PCB mounts,
battery clips and holders.

Working
In our Wireless charging system there are two circuits, a
transmitter circuit and a receiver circuit.

The transmitter circuit consists of step down transformer of

230/12V. This transformer steps down 230V AC from main
supply to 12V AC. Then that 12V AC is converted into 12V DC
with the help of bridge rectifier. After that a 2200/25V capacitor
is used to filter the ripples and pure DC is supplied. Then the
oscillator circuit oscillates at 10MHz and with the help of
transmitting coil it transmits the wireless power.

The receiver circuit receives the power through receiving coil

and passes through voltage multiplier circuit (consisting of
diode and capacitor voltage multiplier) and through that
voltage the mobile charging is achieved.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

Essential components and circuits of a wireless batterycharging system, showing signal flow.

Applications of Wireless BatteryCharging

Smart Phones, Portable Media Players, Digital Cameras, Tablets and
Wearable's.
Accessories
Public Access Charging Terminal
Computer Systems
In-Cabin Automotive Applications
Electric Vehicles
Miscellaneous

Wireless battery charging advantages /

disadvantages
As with any system, there are both advantages and disadvantages to
wireless battery charging systems.
ADVANTAGES

DISADVANTAGES

Convenience - it simply requires the appliance

needing charging to be placed onto a charging
area.
Reduced wear of plugs and sockets - as there is
no physical connection, there are no issues with
connector wear, etc. Physically the system is
more robust than one using connectors.
Resilience from dirt - some applications
operate in highly contaminated environments.
As there are no connectors, the system is
considerably more resilient to contamination
Application in medical environments - using
wireless charging no connectors are required
that may harbour bacteria, etc.. This makes this
solution far more applicable for medical
instruments that may require to be battery
powered.

Added complexity - the system requires a more

complicated system to transfer the power
across a wire-less interface
Added cost - as the system is more
complicated than a traditional wired system, a
wireless battery charger will be more expensive
Reduced efficiency - there are losses on the
wireless battery charging system - resistive
losses on the coil, stray coupling, etc. However
typical efficiency levels of between 85 - 90%
are normally achieved.

Wireless charging standards

There are several wireless charging standards that are being developed or
already on the market.
Qi: : The Qi wireless charging standard is one that has come to the market
earlier than some others. It is basically what is termed and inductive system
using a relatively low frequency (between 110 and 205 kHz for the low power
and 80 to 300 kHz for the medium power) for the power transfer. Read more
about Qi wireless charging standard.
A4WP: : The A4WP wireless power standard was developed a little later than
the Qi standard. It uses resonance techniques along with a higher power
transfer frequency of 6.78 MHz for the power, and 2.4GHz for the control
signals. It also allows simultaneous charging of multiple devices. Read more
about A4WP wireless charging standard.

Conclusion
Wireless charging has now become a mainstream technology. Initially it was a
novelty, but with its applications and advantages becoming recognized, it has
now become a mainstream application. It is anticipated that wireless battery
charging will become very widespread, if not the most common method.
With standardized interfaces and techniques, only a single wireless battery
charger will be required to charge a variety of items. No longer will a whole
myriad of chargers be required. Also reliability and convenience will be
improved as it is far easier to place the item to be charged on the charging
mat, rather than having to use a small connector.
Although the efficiency of wireless battery charging is less than that using
direct connections, the added intelligence could reduce the end of charge
current, thereby reducing the overall power consumption as many normal
chargers are left connected even when they are not charging.

Questions

Whats the point in using wireless battery charging?

What phones support it?

Should you choose it or not, if yes then give reason?