Diodes physical structure

Diodes Characteristic
The I-V characteristic
Internal resistance, diodes model
Diodes with DC
Diodes application
Zener diodes
Other diodes

* CHAPTER 2 : DIODES

*2.1 DRAW, LABEL, DESCRIBE,

APPLY AND EXPLAIN DIODES AS A

SEMICONDUCTOR
*2.2 APPLY, ILLUSTRATED, SKETCH
AND MEASURE
*2.3 APPLY DIODES IN OTHER
ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT APPLICATION

*The diode is the simplest and most fundamental

nonlinear circuit element.

*Just like resistor, it has two terminals.
*Unlike resistor, it has a nonlinear current-voltage
characteristics.
*Its use in rectifiers is the most common application.

(structure)

(symbol)

FORWARD
BIAS

REVERSE
BIAS

equivalent
circuit in
the forward
direction

equivalent
circuit in the
reverse
direction

iv characteristic

Conducting in one
direction and not in the
other is the I-V
characteristic of the
diode.

The arrow like circuit

symbol shows the
direction of conducting
current.

Forward biasing voltage

makes it turn on.

Reverse biasing voltage

makes it turn off.

The diode iv
relationship with some
scales expanded and
others compressed in
order to reveal details

Terminal Characteristic of Junction Diodes

* The Forward-Bias Region, determined by

* The Reverse-Bias Region, determined by
* The Breakdown Region, determined by

vo

VZK v 0
v VZK

2.2 Rectifier circuits

Half-wave rectifier
Full-wave rectifier

* Transformer with a center-tapped secondary winding

* Bridge rectifier

The peak rectifier

(a) Half-wave rectifier.

(b) Equivalent circuit of the half-wave rectifier with the diode replaced
with its battery-plus-resistance model.
(c) Transfer characteristic of the rectifier circuit.
(d) Input and output waveforms, assuming that

(a) circuit
(b) transfer characteristic assuming a constant-voltage-drop model for
the diodes
(c) (c) input and output waveforms.

(a) circuit

(b) input and output waveforms

EQUATIONS:
VS = Vm sin t

Vo(dc) = Vm /

Vo(rms) = Vm / 2

Io(dc) = Vo(dc) / RL

Io(rms) = Vo(rms) / RL

HALFWAVE RECTIFIER

EQUATIONS:
VS = Vm sin t

Vo(dc) = 2Vm /
Io(dc) = Vo(dc) / RL

Vo(rms) = Vm / 2
Io(rms) = Vo(rms) / RL

FULLWAVE RECTIFIER

2.3 DIODES IN OTHER APPLICATION:

OR LIMITER THAT IS USED TO
ALLOW PART OF AN ARBITRARY
WAVEFORM TO BE TRANSMITTED

CLIPPER

SHIFT THE OUTPUT WAVEFORM

TO A DIFFERENCE DC LEVEL.

2 TYPES OF CLIPPER :
A. SERIES CLIPPER
B. PARALLEL CLIPPER

CLAMPER

CLIPPER

CLAMPER

DIODE ZENER
Are specifically designed to operate under
reverse breakdown conditions. These diodes
have a very accurate and specific reverse
breakdown voltage.

Zener-Diode Voltage-Regulator Circuits

* Zener diode is designed for operation in the reverse-breakdown
region.
* The breakdown voltage is controlled by the doping level (-1.8 V
to -200 V).
* The major application of Zener diode is to provide an output
reference that is stable despite changes in input voltage
power supplies, voltmeter.

Zener-Diode Voltage-Regulator Circuits

* Sometimes, a circuit that produces constant output voltage while
operating from a variable supply voltage is needed. Such circuits are
called voltage regulator.
* The Zener diode has a breakdown voltage equal to the desired output
voltage.
* The resistor limits the diode current to a safe value so that Zener
diode does not overheat.

*GROUP IN 5 DISCUSS:
LIST TYPE OF DIODES: zener diode, LED, Photodiode,
Laser diode.
DRAW THE SCHEMATIC AND DESCRIBE EACH TYPES OF
DIODE
ILLUSTRATE THE CHARACTERISTIC AND OPERATION OF
EACH TYPE OF DIODES
CONSTRUCT THE APPLICATION OF EACH TYPES OF
DIODES
SUBMIT BEFORE MIDNIGHT ON 26/1/2016
EMAIL TO syazwani_jasmi@pmm.edu.my