BIOMETRICS

G.SELVAKUMAR,
Senior Lecturer,
Dept. of EEE,
IRTT, Erode.

TECHNOLOGY AND DESTINY

If we had fought the British

with canons instead of
swords our destinies would
have been different.
Sri. P.V.Narasimha Rao
Former Prime Minister of India

Technology should be a passion.

Passion at work should lead to
ecstasy.
Mr.Ramadorai
CEO, TCS

PEOPLE , PROCESS AND TECHNOLOGY INTERFACE

People

Processes

Technology

Before 1990.

People

Processes

Technology

But now

BETTER LATE THAN

NEVER?
Late is Better ! ! !
We get the latest
technology

Introduction
Biometrics
has
two
distinct
meanings:
Bio means living creature and
Metrics
means
the
ability
to
measure an object quantitatively.
The use of biometrics has been
traced back as far as the Egyptians,
who measured people to identify
them.
Recently, the term "Biometrics" has
also been used to refer to the

In
to-days
context
Biometric is a human or
physical
characteristic
unique to one's self.
The term biometrics is now
widely known as the science
of using one or more bodily
characteristics, to uniquely
identify
specific
living

Goal of automated Biometric

Verification: Is the person who they claim to
be?
Identification or recognition: Who is this? Is
the person already known to the system under
different identity?

Fundamental operational steps

Capture: The biometric data is captured,

digitized and entered into a database.

Extraction: A template is created using this
measurable unique data.
Comparison: The template is compared with
a new sample.
Match/Non-Match: The existing template
matches the new sample or it does not.

Biometric technologies
which use
one or more
of these human characteristics can
include:
1.Fingerprint identification
2.Iris identification
3.Retinal identification
4.Hand geometry
5.Hand,
palm,
and
subcutaneous
vein
identification
6.Signature identification

wrist
pattern
Contd.,

Biometric
technologies which use
one or more
of these human characteristics can
include:
8.
9.
10.
11.

Keystroke dynamics identification

Facial feature identification
Body salinity (salt) identification
Body odor identification.

Some of them even use DNA

matching, ear
lobe analysis, and typing-pattern

Physiological and behavioral

biometrics.
Physiological
biometrics
use
algorithms and other methods to
define identity in terms of data
gathered from direct measurement of
the human body. Finger print and
finger scan, hand geometry, Iris and
retina scanning and facial geometry
are all examples of physiological
biometrics.
Behavioral
biometrics,
however,
defined by analyzing a specific action

Passive, or Active biometrics

Passive biometrics do not require a
users active participation and can be
successful without a person even
knowing
that
they
have
been
analyzed. All voice recognition (limited) iris
recognition (limited), and facial recognition (truly
passive ) are all passive biometrics.
Active biometrics however, do require
a persons cooperation and will not
work if they deny their participation in
the process. All fingerprint, hand
geometry, Retina scanning, Signature
technologies are all active biometrics.

Understanding
biometrics
The security field uses three different types of
authentication:
1.
Something
people
knowa
password, PIN, or piece of personal
information
(Such as mothers
maiden name).
2. Something people havea card
key, smart card, or token.

Attributes for physical and behavioral

features for recognition systems
They must be as unique as possible, such that
an identical trait won't appear in two people:
Uniqueness
They occur in as many people as possible:
Universality
They don't change over time: Permanence
They are measurable with simple technical
instruments: Measurability
They are easy and comfortable to measure:
User friendliness

Fingerprint recognition
Fingerprint verification may be a good
choice for in-house systems, where
you
can
give
users
adequate
explanation and training, and where
the system operates in a controlled
environment. It is not surprising that
the workstation access application
area seems to be based almost
exclusively on fingerprints, due to the
relatively low cost, small size, and
ease of integration of fingerprint

Hand Geometry
Hand
geometry
involves
analyzing and measuring the
shape of the hand. This biometric
offers
a
good
balance
of
performance characteristics and
is relatively easy to use. It might
be suitable where there are more
users or where users access the
system infrequently and are
perhaps less disciplined in their
approach to the system.

Biometric features that are used for

authentication purposes

Biometric Trait

Finger print
Signature
(Dynamic)

Description
Finger lines, pore structure
Writing with pressure and speed
differentials

Facial geometry

Distance of specific facial

features (eyes, nose, mouth)

Iris
Retina

Iris pattern
Eye back ground (Pattern of the
vein structure)

Hand geometry

Measurement of fingers and

palm

Finger geometry

Finger measurement

Biometric features that are used for

authentication purposes

Biometric Trait

Vein structure of
back of hand

Description
Vein structure of back of the
hand

Ear form
Voice
DNA

Dimensions of the visible ear

Tone or timbre
DNA code as the carrier of
human hereditary

Odor

Chemical composition of the

ones odor

Keyboard strokes

Rhythm of keyboard strokes (PC

or other keyboard)

Comparison of various biometric

techniques with regard to their use, level
of robustness, distinctiveness and
intrusiveness.

Biometric

Use

Level of
Level of
Level of
Robustness Distinctiveness Intrusiveness

Fingerprint

Identify or
Verify

Moderate

High

Touching

Hand and Finger

Geometry

Verify

Moderate

Low

Touching

Face

Identify or
Verify

Moderate

Moderate

12+ inches

Voice or Speaker

Verify

Moderate

Low

Remote

Iris Scan

Identify or
Verify

High

High

12+ inches

Comparison of various biometric

techniques with regard to their use,
level
of
robustness,
distinctiveness and intrusiveness.

Biometric

Use

Level of
Level of
Robustness Distinctiveness

Level of
Intrusiveness

Retinal Scan

Identify or High
Verify

High

12+ inches

Dynamic
Signature
Verification

Verify

Low

Moderate

Touching

Keystroke
Dynamics

Verify

Low

Low

Touching

Reasons for variation of features over

time:

Growth
Wear and tear
Aging
Dirt and grime
Injury and subsequent regeneration etc.

Biometric
features,
which
are
minimally affected by such variation
are preferred.
Biometric Trait

Permanence over time

Finger print (Minutia)

000000

Signature (Dynamic)

0000

Facial geometry

00000

Iris Pattern

000000000

Retina

00000000

Hand geometry

0000000

Finger geometry

0000000

Biometric
features,
which
are
minimally affected by such variation
are preferred.
Biometric Trait

Permanence over time

Vein structure of the back of the

hand

000000

Ear form

000000

Voice (Tone)

000

DNA

000000000

Odor

000000?

Keyboard strokes

0000

Comparison : password

00000

Criteria for using different biometric

traits
Comfort: duration of verification and the
ease of use
Accuracy: minimal error rates (clarity,
consistency, measurability)
Availability: the portion of a potential user
group who can use biometrics for technical
identification
purposes
(universal,
measurable)
Costs: essentially due to the sensors.

BIOMETRIC DEVICES

Probationers can now report

in to a kiosk using hand geometry
to confirm their ID.

Using an ATM facility with

Biometric device

Your fingerprint could soon be all

you need for payment

Airport tests passenger eye IDs

Heathrow Airport is testing a new hitech identity system which examines

a passenger's eye, rather than their
passport as they go through
immigration control. Heathrow is the
first UK airport to carry out a largescale trial of the iris recognition
technology.
The aim is to speed up the movement
of passengers through the terminal
and detect illegal immigrants.
A total of 2,000 passengers who
frequently fly from North America to
Heathrow on Virgin and British
Airways flights are taking part in the
five-month trial.
Unique

FINGER PRINT READER

The DFR 2080 provides a digital
USB computer interface and is
compatible with Identix
BioEngine technology or with
customer-provided biometric
applications. And, its ergonomic,
compact design is highly
transportable, durable and reliable

Biometrics Device Integrated with Computer

Bio Hub

The BioHub is a fingerprint

authentication device that fits
into a CompactFlash (CF)
card slot in a pocket PC that
operates in the Windows CE
(version 3.0) or Microsoft
Pocket PC environment. It
compares a live fingerprint
with the fingerprint template
stored in the pocket PC.
Each BioHub is shipped with
custom software for biometric
enrollment, file encryption,
access control to the pocket
PC, and fingerprint collection
for identification applications

Finger Print Reader in a Pocket PC

The BioHub fits into a Type II

CF card slot and works with
Windows CE (version 3.0) and
Microsoft Pocket PC 2002
devices. The software is
installed from a personal
computer running Microsoft
Active Sync 3.1 or higher.
Both the pocket PC and
personal computer need to have
5 MB of free storage space.

Mobile, Handheld, Wireless Solutions

The BioHub and BioSentry

provide
biometric
security
for
businesses that require mobile access
to secure resources or information.
These solutions provide any time/any
place security to handheld devices that
operate Windows CE or Pocket PC
2002 by storing the fingerprint
template within the personal device.
Whether it's financial data, sensitive
customer
information,
or
any
application in a mobile environment,
the BioFamily of products offer simple,
easy to use, and reliable security
solutions.

THANK YOU

FPR for US Visa Application

Figure 22

FPR system at US airport

Figure 23

Fingerprint keyboards with integrated optical sensor

Wouldn't it be good if your keyboard could recognize you by
your fingerprint - like our Personal ID Keyboard for fast,
easy and secure log-on. The integrated optical sensor
makes it possible. This keyboard is also available with
smart card reader on request. This allows you to implement
further security functions

An employee marking attendance using

biometric hand punch device

An employee marking attendance using FPR

THANK YOU