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martensitic transformation .
THIRUNAVUKARASU.H
13MY12
PSG TECH KOVAI
Annealing
heat
Stages in annealing
Heating to the desired temperature ,
Holding or soaking at that temperature,
Cooling or quenching ,usually to room
temperature .
is most
widely used in heat treatment of iron and
steals
Purpose of annealing
It is used to achieve one or more of the
following purpose .
1. To relive or remove stresses
2. To include softness
3. To alter ductility , toughness, electrical,
magnetic.
4. To Refine grain size
5. To remove gases
6. To produce a definite microstructure .
Application
Annealing process is employed in following
application
Casting
Forging
Rolled stock
Press work .
Types of annealing
Full annealing
Process annealing
Stress relief annealing
Re crystallization annealing , and
Spheroidise annealing.
Full annealing
Heating the steal to a temperature at or near the
Full annealing
Process annealing
Process annealing is a heat treatment that is often used
Process annealing
Stress-Relief
Annealing
It is an annealing process
Causes of Residual
Stresses
1. Thermal factors (e.g., thermal
stresses caused by temperature
gradients within the workpiece during
heating or cooling)
2. Mechanical factors (e.g., coldworking)
3. Metallurgical factors (e.g.,
transformation of the microstructure)
Stress-Relief Annealing
R.S.
In the heat treatment of metals, quenching or rapid
Spheroidise annealing
The process is limited to steels in excess of 0.5%
Materials
Spheroidzing is extensively employed for
Medium carbon steel
High carbon (tool steel)
2. Normalizing
A
Quenching
Quenching is the rapid cooling of metal or an alloy from
an elevated temperature.
This is usually done with water, brine, oil, polymer, or
even forced or still air.
There are two types of quenching the first is cooling to
obtain an acceptable microstructure and mechanical
properties that will meet minimum specs after tempering.
The second consists of rapid cooling of iron-base alloys
and nonferrous metals to retain uniformity in the
material. Quenching is performed to control the
transformation of austentite and to form the
microstructure. When only selected areas of the material
are quenched, the process is called selective quenching
Quenching
Soaking temperature 30-50C above A3 or A1, then fast
Martensite, Martensitic
Transformation
In an alloy, martensite is a metastable transitional structure between two
End