BIOMASS AND

BIOENERGY
Course Instructor: Prof. Mayor Bahart Kurade
Azmatullah Khan (2015250239)
PhD student
Department of Environmental & Civil
Engineering
Hanyang University, Seoul Korea.

ZIKA VIRUS:
Brazil's surge in small-headed babies questioned
by report
News history in nature (International
journal of science) 28th January 2016.

Background
Mosquito-borne flavivirus
1947: First identified in Uganda
1948:The virus is recovered from the
mosquito Aedes africanus
1952:The first human cases are detected in
Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania.
2007: First major outbreak in Yap
(Micronesia)
2013: Outbreak in French Polynesia
2014: Cases in Pacific Islands
2015: Outbreak in Brazil
2016: In >20 countries in the Americas

Areas with Zika Transmission

Continue

How do you get Zika?

Zika virus to humans through bites
fromAedesmosquitos
Often live around buildings in urban areas
Usually active during daylight hours (peak
biting activity occurs in early mornings and
late afternoons).
Zika virus can also be transmitted to humans
through blood transfusion and perinatal
transmission rarely.
The incubation period is variable from 3-12

Symptoms of Zika Infection

Causes mild fever and rash.
Other symptoms include muscle pain, joint
pain, headache.
Zika virus disease is usually mild, with
symptoms lasting only a few days, swelling
observed occasionally (notably of the small
joints of the hands and feet).
Disease has similar clinical signs to dengue,
and may be misdiagnosed in areas where
dengue is common.

6 points story related to news in

journal

1. The size of the problem

BMOH reports 6,398 suspected cases since
Nov,2015
Only 2,197 have so for been investigated
Confirmed cases 854
97 cases confirmed through lab tests link
with zika virus.

2. Cut-off the Suspected' cases number.

6,398 suspected cases should be taken with a large grain of salt.

If, baby head circumference < 33cm, number could be 600,000
If, size < 32cm, the number could be 200,000
WHO standard (recently), 31.9cm for male and 31.5 cm for
female babies
Suspected cases are more than confirmed cases

3. Puzzling concentration of cases in

brazils northeast.

Re-analyzed the data and found 2.8 per 10,000 births in

15 states compared with 0.6 per 10,000 birth in 4 states.
Same rate but Increased the effected area.

4. Zika virus and severe

Zika virus
can cause
the severe brain
brain
damage

damage
High level of unusually severe microcephaly
cases in brazil
Question mark for prediction of risk
magnitude here.

5. Inconclusive early studies

Rio de janeiro (march,2016), 29% women found

infected due to zika virus
1% effected women due to zika viruse are found
in France.

6. Countries outside the Brazil

Outbreake in brazile in early 2015

But, America and Caribbean only started
detecting infection in last three months of the
year and beginning of 2016.
In Colombia, first case detected in last
September.

A mom words in the last:

We dont know what to expect from these

children. It is all new to all of us. We dont
know if they will respond to the
rehabilitation, we are starting from the
scratch.

THANK YOU EVERY ONE.

Any question, comments or
suggestion.

Refrences:

http://www.nature.com
/news/zika-virus-brazil-s-surge-in-small-headed-babies-questi
oned-by-report-1.19259
http://www.who.int/emergencies/zika-virus/timeline/en/