MONGODB

Document Database

DOCUMENT ORIENTED
DATABASE
store data in the form of documents
document can be in a JSON, BSON, XML, YAML, etc format
Documents are retrieved from the database using unique key that
represents that document.
key may be a simple string, URI, or a path
Support data sharding

MONGODB

open-source document database

written in c++
cross-platform
Provides
high performance
high availability
easy scalability

works on concept of collection and document.

DATABASE
physical container for collections
Each database gets its own set of files on the file system. A single
MongoDB server typically has multiple databases.

COLLECTION
group of MongoDB documents
equivalent of an RDBMS table
A collection exists within a single database
Collections do not enforce a schema.
Documents within a collection can have different fields.
Typically, all documents in a collection are of similar or related
purpose

DOCUMENT
set of key-value pairs. Documents have dynamic schema. Dynamic
schema means that documents in the same collection do not need
to have the same set of fields or structure, and common fields in a
collection's documents may hold different types of data

RDBMS VS MONGODB
RDBMS

MongoDB

Database

Database

Table

Collection

Tuple/Row

Document

Column

Field

Table Join

Embedded Documents

Primary Key

Primary Key (Default key

_id provided by mongodb
itself)

SAMPLE DOCUMENT
12 bytes hexadecimal
number
Assures the uniqueness of
every document

ID
1

Current timestamp

Machine ID

MongoDB
server
process
ID

10

11

12

Simple
Incremental
value

WHY USE MONGODB?

Document Oriented Storage : Data is stored in the form of JSON
style documents
Index on any attribute
Replication & High Availability
Auto-Sharding
Rich Queries
Fast In-Place Updates
Professional Support By MongoDB

MONGODB ENVIRONMENT
Download from
https://www.mongodb.com/

Create data directory to store all data. MongoDBs default data

directory path is \data\db.
Specify an alternate path for data files using the --dbpath option to
mongod.exe
mongod.exe -dbpath "e:\mongodb\data\db

MongoDB starts
2016-06-30T11:53:43.521+0530 I NETWORK [initandlisten] waiting for
connections on port 27017
2016-06-30T11:57:16.861+0530 I NETWORK [initandlisten] connection accepted
from 127.0.0.1:51595 #1 (1 connection now open)

Open another command prompt

c:\Program Files\MongoDB\Server\3.2\bin>mongo
Welcome to the MongoDB shell.

COMMANDS

Command

Description

Example

show dbs

Display list of database (with at least

one document)

show dbs

use db_name

Create new database db_name

Change database

use mydb

db

Display current database

db

db.dropDatabase()

Delete database

{ "dropped" : "mydb", "ok" :

1}

db.createCollection(n Create collection

ame, options)
name: String: Name of collection
options: Document : optional

db.createCollection("mycolle
ction")

show collections

Display collections in current database

show collections

db.coll_name.insert(
{key:value})

Insert documents in collection coll_name db.movie.insert({"name":"lo

velyn"})

db.coll_name.drop()

Delete collection from database

db.movie.drop()

CREATE COLLECTIONS
(OPTIONS)
Field

Type

Description

capped

Boolean

(Optional) If true, enables a capped collection. Capped collection

is a collection fixed size collecction that automatically
overwrites its oldest entries when it reaches its maximum size.
If you specify true, you need to specify size parameter
also.

autoIndex
ID

Boolean

(Optional) If true, automatically create index on _id field.s

Default value is false.

size

number

(Optional) Specifies a maximum size in bytes for a capped

collection. If If capped is true, then you need to specify
this field also.

max

number

(Optional) Specifies the maximum number of documents

allowed in the capped collection.

CAPPED COLLECTIONS
to store data in the same order it is inserted
fixed size
high-performance
"auto-FIFO age-Out
can't remove an individual object from the capped collection
maximum size for a capped collection is 1e9(i.e. 1X109) for 32 bit
machines. For 64 bit machines, there is no theoretical limit.
Practically, it can be extended till your system resources permit.
can be used for logging, caching and auto archiving

Command

Description

Example

db.COLLECTION_NAM Insert documents in

E.insert(document)
collection

>
db.tweet.insert({id:1,location:"coimbatore",tw
eet:"kjdhdskjh"})
WriteResult({ "nInserted" : 1 })
>
db.tweet.insert({id:2,location:"coimbatore",tw
eet:"kjdhdskjh"},{id:3})

db.COLLECTION_NAM find()
E.find()
display all the
documents in a non
structured way.

db.tweet.find().pretty()
{
"_id" :
ObjectId("577a22bfe94a2882699e6b7a"),
"id" : 1,
"location" : "coimbatore",
"tweet" : "kjdhdskjh"
}
{
"_id" :
ObjectId("577a22dee94a2882699e6b7b"),
"id" : 2,
"location" : "coimbatore",
"tweet" : "kjdhdskjh"
}

pretty()
display the results in a
formatted way

Operation

Syntax

Example

RDBMS Equivalent

Equality

{<key>:<value>}

db.mycol.find({"by":"tutorials
point"}).pretty()

where by = 'tutorials
point'

Less Than

{<key>:
{$lt:<value>}}

db.mycol.find({"likes":
{$lt:50}}).pretty()

where likes < 50

Less Than
Equals

{<key>:
{$lte:<value>}}

db.mycol.find({"likes":
{$lte:50}}).pretty()

where likes <= 50

Greater Than

{<key>:
{$gt:<value>}}

db.mycol.find({"likes":
{$gt:50}}).pretty()

where likes > 50

Greater Than
Equals

{<key>:
{$gte:<value>}}

db.mycol.find({"likes":
{$gte:50}}).pretty()

where likes >= 50

Not Equals

{<key>:
{$ne:<value>}}

db.mycol.find({"likes":
{$ne:50}}).pretty()

where likes != 50

OR IN MONGODB
Syntax

Example
>db.mycol.find({$or:[{"by":"tutorials point"},{"title": "MongoDB
Overview"}]}).pretty()

>db.mycol.find(

{
"_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),

"title": "MongoDB Overview",

$or: [

"description": "MongoDB is no sql database",

{key1: value1}, {key2:value2}

"by": "tutorials point",

"url": "http://www.tutorialspoint.com",

"tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],

).pretty()

"likes": "100"
}

SHOW THE DOCUMENTS THAT HAVE LIKES

GREATER THAN 100 AND WHOSE TITLE IS EITHER
'MONGODB OVERVIEW' OR BY IS 'TUTORIALS POINT'
>db.mycol.find({"likes": {$gt:10}, $or: [{"by": "tutorials point"},
{"title": "MongoDB Overview"}]}).pretty()
{
"_id": ObjectId(7df78ad8902c),
"title": "MongoDB Overview",
"description": "MongoDB is no sql database",
"by": "tutorials point",
"url": "http://www.tutorialspoint.com",
"tags": ["mongodb", "database", "NoSQL"],
"likes": "100"
}

UPDATE() METHOD
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.update(SELECTIOIN_CRITERIA,
UPDATED_DATA)
>db.mycol.update({'title':'MongoDB Overview'},
{$set:{'title':'New MongoDB Tutorial'}},{multi:true})

>db.COLLECTION_NAME.save({_id:ObjectId(),NEW_DATA})
>db.mycol.save(
{
"_id" : ObjectId(5983548781331adf45ec7), "title":"Tutorials
Point Overview",
"by":"Tutorials Point"
}
)

REMOVE() METHOD
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.remove(DELETION_CRITERIA)
>db.mycol.remove({'title':'MongoDB Overview'})
Delete only first record
>db.COLLECTION_NAME.remove(DELETION_CRITERIA,1)
Remove All documents
>db.mycol.remove()

MONGODB
DATATYPES

MongoDB stores documents on disk in the BSON serialization

format.
BSON is a binary representation of JSON documents, though BSON
data format provides more data types than JSON

Type

Description

Number

Double

Represents a float value.

String

BSON strings are UTF-8

Object

Represents an embedded documents.

Array

Sets or lists of values can be represented as arrays:

Binary data

Binary data is a string of arbitrary bytes, it cannot be manipulated from

the shell.

Object id

ObjectIds (MongoDB document identifier, equivalent to a Primary key)

are: small, likely unique, fast to generate, and ordered. These values
consists of 12-bytes, where the first four bytes are a timestamp that
reflect the ObjectIds creation.

Boolean

A logical true or false. Use to evaluate whether a condition is true or false

Date

BSON Date is a 64-bit integer that represents the number of milliseconds

since the Unix epoch (Jan 1, 1970). This results in a representable date
range of about 290 million years into the past and future.

Null

It represents both a null value and a nonexistent field.

10

Regular
Expression

RegExp maps directly to a Javascript RegExp

11

JavaScript

13

Symbol

Not supported by the shell. If the shell gets a symbol from the database, it

14

Type

Description

JavaScript
(with

scope)

Number
15

32-bit
integer

Numbers without decimal points will be saved as 32-bit

16
integers.

Timestam
p

BSON has a special timestamp type for internal

MongoDB use and is not associated with the regular
Date type. Timestamp values are a 64 bit value
where :
17
-- the first 32 bits are a time_t value (seconds since the
Unix epoch).
-- the second 32 bits are an incrementing ordinal for
operations within a given second.

64-bit
integer

Numbers without a decimal point will be saved and

returned as 64-bit integers.

18

Min key

MinKey compare less than all other possible BSON

element values, respectively, and exist primarily for
internal use.

255

Max key

MaxKey compare greater than all other possible BSON

element values, respectively, and exist primarily for
internal use.

127

http://www.w3resource.com/mongodb/mongodb-data-types.php
http://www.tutorialspoint.com/mongodb/mongodb_datatype.htm