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What is Flood ?
Flood
Floods
Types of Floods
1. Flash Floods
2. Riverine floods
3. Storm Surge
Flash floods
Flash floods are local floods of great volume and short duration.
Runoff from the intense rainfall results in high flood waves quickly
reach the maximum and diminish almost as rapidly.
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Riverine floods
Riverine
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Storm surge
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Causes of Floods
Some of the major causes are:
Heavy rainfall
Heavy siltation of the river bed reduces the water
carrying capacity of the rivers/stream.
Blockage in the drains lead to flooding of the area.
Landslides blocking the flow of the stream.
Construction of dams and reservoirs
In areas prone to cyclone, strong winds accompanied by
heavy down pour along with storm surge leads to
flooding
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Health-Related Effects
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Impact on Agriculture
Impact on Development
Flooding, however, is not all bad. For some agricultural areas flooding is a
positive and necessary event. These lands depend on the periodic silt deposits
for added nutrients to the soil. Flooding also serves other advantages including
the filtering or dilution of pollutants that enter the waterways, flushing of
nutrients in river systems, preserving of wetlands, recharging of groundwater,
and maintaining of river ecosystems by providing breeding, nesting, feeding and
nursery areas for fish, shell fish, migrating waterfowl, and others.
In
Floods may also affect the soil characteristics. The land may be
rendered infertile due to erosion of top layer or may turn saline if sea
water floods the area.
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