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Introduction to the new mainframe

Chapter 12 Understanding database


managers on z/OS

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Chapter 12 objectives
Be able to:
Explain the role of DB2 in online transaction
processing.
List common DB2 data structures.
Compose simple SQL queries to run on z/OS.
Give an overview of application programming with
DB2.
What the IMS components are
The structure of the IMS DB subsystem

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Key terms in this chapter


bind
DBMS
EXPLAIN
modified source

SPUFI
SQL
SYSADM
view

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

DB2 Concepts:
Data
Storage
groupStructures
VSAM
LDS

VSAM
LDS

Data base
Table Space

Views

Table

Index Space

Index
Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Schema structures
User-defined Data Type (UDT)
User-defined Function (UDF)
Triggers
Large Object (LOB)
Stored Procedure

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

System Structure
Catalog & Directory: stores ALL DB2 information
Buffer Pool
Active and Archive Logs
Bootstrap data set (BSDS)

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

DB2 for z/OS Architecture


DB2 Address Spaces
System Service address space (SSAS)
Database Service address space (DBAS)
Internal Resource Lock Manager (IRLM)

DB2 Attachment Facilities


CICS
IMS
TSO

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

First
you
create
Invoke
SQL
onneed
z/OS:toSPUFI

the output file (if not existing)

Select option 1 to enter SPUFI


Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Invoke SQL on z/OS: SPUFI (CONT)

Enter the input and output dataset, if they are not yet in place.
Change the member of the PDS, if you want to enter a new SQL
Defaults are set to NO from YES.
Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Invoke SQL on z/OS: SPUFI (CONT)

Enter the SQL statement you want to execute.


Press F3 to return to the previous screen (to execute the SQL).
Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Invoke SQL on z/OS: SPUFI (CONT)

When you get back to this screen, the edit input is put to *.
Press ENTER to execute the SQL and to see the output.
Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Invoke SQL on z/OS: SPUFI (CONT)

F8 brings the rest of the results on your screen

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Invoke SQL on z/OS: SPUFI (CONT)

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Application Programming: the flowSource


Program

Modified
Source

Precompile

DBRM

Compile

Include
Member

Bind

Object
Module

DCLGEN

Bind

Linkedit

Load
Module

Package

RUN

Plan
Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Get the
access path:
EXPLAIN
ALLEXPLAIN
SET QUERYNO

=1
SELECT EMPNO, LASTNAME
FROM EMP
WHERE LASTNAME = 'MILLER';

-The query is NOT executed


-The access path is placed in userid.PLAN_TABLE,
if it exists

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Other development options


ODBC
JAVA
SQLJ
JDBC
XML
XML Column Access
XML Collection Access

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Managing DB2: System Administration


Installation
System Object Management
System and Disaster Recovery
Monitoring System Performance

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Managing DB2: Database Administration


Creation & Management of DB2 Objects
Execution of Utilities:
Data Organization
Backup & recovery
Data Consistency

Commands

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Functions of the IMS database manager


A DBMS provides:

Multiple-user access to a single copy of data


Integrity for all updates
Minimal hardware and OS access method dependencies
Reduced data redundancy

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Implementation of IMS Databases


Depending on user' requirements
Technologies :
IMS DB or DL/I or DL1 or Full Function Database
IMS DEDB or Data Entry DB or Fast Path Database
IMS Main storage database (MSDB)
IBM DB2

Database Recovery Control (DBRC)

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Structure of IMS DB Subsystem


Network

Control
Region
Address
Space

IMS System

IMS Message
Queues

Logs

Fast Patch DBs

IMS Libraries

DLI
Separate
Address
Space

DBRC
Region

Full Function DBs

RECONs

Dependent
Region
Address
Space

System Address Space

MPP

IFP

BMP

Application
Program

Application
Program

Application
Program

Java
Message
Processing

Application Region Address Space


Up to 99 in total

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Java
Batch
Processing

Introduction to the new mainframe

Databases used by IMS: Database basics

Access paths
Normalization within IMS

Unique entities
1 occurrence only
No many-to-many relationships

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Databases used by IMS: DB Model


Sequence to access the segments

ROOT
(1)

Segment A2
(8)

Segment A1
(2)

Segment B2
(14)

Segment D3
(9)

Segment B1
(10)

Segment D2
(4)

Segment E3
(7)

Segment G2
(12)

Segment D1
(3)

Segment E2
(6)

Segment G1
(11)

Segment H1
(13)

Segment E1
(5)
Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Databases used by IMS: DB model

Additional access paths to segments


Logical relationships
Secondary indices

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Application programming overview

Program is subroutine of IMS region controller


Needs a program specification block (PSB)
Uses services:

Send/receive message from terminals


Access db
Issue IMS commands
Issue IMS service calls
e.g. Checkpoint calls, Sync call

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Program Structure

DLI modules
PCB-Mask

E
N
T
R
y

Call info
from DLI

IO AREA
Segments
to/from
databases

Application Program
PROGRAM ENTRY
DEFINE PCB AREAS
GET INPUT RECORDS FROM INPUT FILE
CALLS TO DL/I DB FUNCTIONS
RETRIEVE
INSERT
REPLACE
DELETE

CHECK STATUS CODES


PUT OUTPUT RECORDS
TERMINATION
Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

E
X
I
T

Introduction to the new mainframe

IMS & the World Wide Web

Message flow in IMS transaction

1,2

NCP
8,9

4,5

MPP

IMS

VTAM

3270 Terminal

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

IMS & the World Wide Web

Message flow between Web Browser & Web Server

1,2

TCP/IP
8,9

4,5

CGI
Program

Web
Server

TCP/IP

Web Browser

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

flow IMS
transaction
& Web Server CGI Programs
IMS Message
& the World
Wide
Web
1,2

NCP

MPP

IMS

VTAM

8,9

4,5

3270 Terminal

Program to Program
Communications
1,2

TCP/IP
8,9

4,5

CGI
Program

Web
Server

TCP/IP

Web Browser
Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Summary
The relational database is the predominant approach to data
organization in today's business world.
IBMs DB2 implements such relational principles as primary keys,
referential integrity, a language to access the database (SQL), nulls,
and normalized design.
In a relational database, the most fundamental structure is the table
with columns and rows.

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

Introduction to the new mainframe

Summary (continued)
The only way to access the data in DB2 databases is with SQL.
On the mainframe, SPUFI is a tool used to enter SQL statements.
The DBRM performs a bind process that determines the access path
and stores this executable SQL code in a package.
SQL can handle both static and dynamic statements, and EXPLAIN can
be used to find out what access path the optimizer chose for the
SQL.

Copyright IBM Corp., 2005. All rights reserved.

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