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Geriatrics.
Old age is an incurable
disease
Geriatricsorgeriatric medicine is
a sub-specialty ofinternal medicine
andfamily medicinethat focuses on
health care ofelderly people.
It aims to promotehealthby
preventingand treatingdiseases
anddisabilitiesinolder adults
Community Geriatrics.
Caring for older patients means not
only understanding their diseases
and knowing who the support people
are in their lives, but also creating a
plan of care that includes their social,
financial and personal goals.
WORLDS
DEMOGRAPHICS
Cont.
By 2025 countries with highest % of
people with >65 are expected to be:-Japan(28%)
-Italy(27.1%)
-Germany(24.6%)
INDIAN DEMOGRAPHICS
300
population in million
250
200
population
150
100
50
0
1961
1991
2001
2050
General problems in
Economic
old
age
problems
Sociological
changes
Spiritual
changes
System wise
changes
1.Cardiovascular changes:
.Elevated blood pressure
.Venous stasis
.Exertion and fatigue
.Reduced cardiac efficiency
.Thickening of blood vessels
.Arrhythmias and murmur
.Dilated abdominal aorta
.Decreased physical activity
2. Respiratory
3. Gastrointestinal
system
Difficulty in chewing
Dry mouth
Difficulty in digesting starches
and fatty foods
Decreased appetite
Feeling of fullness
Malnutrition
Heart burn after meals
constipation
NEUROLOGICAL SYSTEM
Reduced speed
in nerve
conduction
Increase
confusion
Loss of
environment
clues
Reduced
cerebral
circulation
Slow to respond
Accidents
Bones become fragile
Accidents are more common in home
than outside
Fracture neck of femur is very
common .
Cancer
The leading cause of death of death
after 40 years of age .
Ailment
Visual impairment
88.0
40.0
Neurological complaints
18.7
Cardiovascular disease
17.4
Respiratory disorder
16.1
Skin conditions
13.3
Psychiatric problems
9.0
Hearing loss
8.2
Report of commission on
health in India 1997
Various Levels of
healthcare
Primordial prevention
Pre geriatric care
Primary prevention
Health education
Exercise
Immunization- influenza, and tetanus
Secondary prevention
Screening for hypertension, diabetes
periodontal disease dental caries
sensory impairment medication side effects
colon-rectal cancer breast cancer, cervical
cancer and prostatic cancer nutritionallyinduced anaemia's depression, stress urinary
incontinence podiatric problems fall risk
Annual medical check-up
Early detection ( Universal approach,
Selective approach)
Treatment
Tertiary prevention
Rehabilitation - physical deficits cognitive
deficits functional deficits
Caretaker support -Introduction of support
necessary to prevent loss of autonomy .
Counselling and Welfare activities ( Sanjay
Niradhar Yojana, Vridhashrama )
Improving quality of life
Cultural programme
Old age club
Home help
Old age home
Regional Geriatric
Centres
Geriatric Ward (30 beds)
District
NCD
District Hospital
Daily Geriatric Clinic
Geriatric Ward (10
beds)
CHC/PHC
Geriatric Clinic on fixed
days
Sub Centre
Home-based
Care