Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Programming
Dr. Kadir ERKAN
Department of Mechatronics Engineering
Fall : 2013
10/11/16
Teaching Assistants
:Beytullah OKUR
Hasan Fatih ERTURUL
Classroom
Office
: A-506
:E2-BlokNo:24
:kerkandersler@gmail.com
Web
Office Hours
: www.yildiz.edu.tr~kerkan
: Monday 15:00~17:00
Friday 15:00~17:00
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Course Description
The purpose of this course is to introduce the students to the basics of
microprocessors and microcontrollers. Therefore PIC 16FXXX series
processorsareusedtointroducearchitecture,software,and
interfacingconcepts.
Software
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Course Objectives
Uponcompletingthiscourse,youshouldbeableto:
explainthemicroprocessorarchitectureanditscomponents
learnPIC16FXXXinstructionset
designandimplementassemblylanguageprogramsusingPIC16FXXX
instructionset
designandimplementClanguageprogramsusingPIC16FXXX
byCCSembeddedfunctions
recognisebasiccomponentsandfunctionalityofmicrocomputer
testinganddevelopmentequipment.
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Course Prerequisites
Inthiscourse,thestudentsareexpectedtomakedistinctivetermprojectsby
keepinggoodbalanceofsoftwareandhardwaresides.Therefore,basicknowledge
ofanaloganddigitalelectronicsismandatoryandgoodcommandofcprogramming
skillsarenecessary.
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Recommended Books
Embedded C Programming and the Microchip PIC,R.Barnett,LO
CullandS.Fox,2004,thomson
PIC Programlama Teknikleri ve PIC16F877A;H.ahin,A.Dayank,
C.Altnbaak,2006,AltaYaynclk
CCS C ile PIC Programlama,Serdariek,2009,AltaYaynclk
Programming 8-bit PIC Microcontrollers in C with interactive
Hardware Simulation;M.P.Bates,2008,Newnes
Mikrodenetleyiciler ve PIC Programlama,O.Altnbaak,2001.Alta
Yaynclk,stanbul.
PIC16F87x Data Sheet,MicrochipTechnologyInc.,2001.
Embedded Design with the PIC18F452 Microcontroller;JohnB.
Peatman;2003;PrenticeHall
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Grading Policy
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Microprocessor
Microprocessor:isasingleintegratedcircuit(IC)thatacceptsand
executescodedinstructions(machinecodeormachinelanguage)forthe
purposeofmanipulatingdataandcontrollingtheassociatedcircuitry
(RAM,ROM,andI/OICs)inadigitalsystem..Intheworldofpersonal
computers,thetermsmicroprocessorandCPUareusedinterchangeably.
Amicroprocessor(sometimesabbreviatedP)isadigitalelectronic
componentwithminiaturizedtransistorsonasinglesemiconductor
integratedcircuit(IC).
Oneormoremicroprocessorstypicallyserveasacentralprocessingunit
(CPU)inacomputersystemorhandhelddevice.
Microprocessorsmadepossibletheadventofthemicrocomputer.
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Microprocessor
Attheheartofallpersonalcomputersandmostworkingstationssitsa
microprocessor.
Microprocessorsalsocontrolthelogicofalmostalldigitaldevices,fromclock
radiostofuel-injectionsystemsforautomobiles.
Threebasiccharacteristicsdifferentiatemicroprocessors:
1.Instructionset:Thesetofinstructionsthatthemicroprocessorcanexecute.
2.Buswidth:Thenumberofbitsprocessedinasingleinstruction.
3.Clockspeed:Giveninmegahertz(MHz),theclockspeeddetermineshowmany
instructionspersecondtheprocessorcanexecute.
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Microcomputer
AMicrocomputerisanintegratedsystemofcomputercomponentstypically
containingdatastorageICs,massstorageelements,andstandardI/Odevices,
capableofawidevarietyofapplications.Microcomputerscontainamicroprocessor
attheheartofthesystem,controllingdataflow,manipulatingdata,andexecuting
instructions.
Thetermmicrocomputerisgenerallysynonymouswithpersonalcomputer,ora
computerthatdependsonamicroprocessor.
Microcomputersaredesignedtobeusedbyindividuals,whetherintheformof
PCs,workstationsornotebookcomputers.
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Microcomputer
Amicrocomputersystemconsistsofthefollowingcomponents:
PeripheralInput
PeripheralOutput
PeripheralStorage
CentralProcessingUnit
PeripheralInput:Itisatooltobeusedtopreparedataorinformationwhichwill
beprocessedbyCentralProcessingUnit.Example:Joystick,Keyboard,Sensor,
Scanner
PeripheralOutput:Itisatooltobeusedtodisplaydataorinformationwhichhas
beenprocessedbyCentralProcessingUnit.Example:Monitor,Printer,Speaker
PeripheralMemory:Itisatooltobeusedtostoredataorinformationwhichwill
beprocessedorhasbeenprocessedbyCentralProcessingUnit.Example:Hard
disk,CD-ROM,RAM,ROM,Pendrive
CentralProcessingUnit(CPU):Itisthemostimportantpartinmicrocomputer
system.Itactsasabrainofamicrocomputersystem.Itisalsocalled
Microprocessor.
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15
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Address bus
Unidirectional
MemoryandI/OAddresses
Data bus
Bidirectional
TransfersBinaryDataandInstructions
Control lines
ReadandWritetimingsignals
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MPUbasedsystemincludesmicroprocessor,memory,I/Oports,andsupportdevices
(suchastimers)onasinglesemiconductorchip
Busesaregenerallynotavailabletoasystemdesigner
I/Oportsaregenerallymultiplexedandcanbeprogrammedtoperformdifferent
functions
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Software
MachineLanguage(0-1)
BinaryInstructions
Difficulttodecipherandwrite
Error-prone
Allprogramsconvertedintomachinelanguageforexecution
MnemonicMachineLanguage(Assembly)
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Machineinstructionsrepresentedinmnemonics
One-to-onecorrespondence
Efficientexecutionanduseofmemory
Machine-specific
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Software
High-LevelLanguages
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BASIC,C,andC++
Writteninstatementsofspokenlanguages
Machineindependent
Easytowriteandtroubleshoot
Largermemoryandlessefficientexecution
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Operation of CPU
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Clock
speed
Data
width
MIPS
8080
1974
6,000
2MHz
8bits
0.64
8088
1979
29,000
5MHz
16bits
8-bit
bus
0.33
80286
1982
134,000
1.5
6MHz
16bits
80386
1985
275,000
1.5
16MHz 32bits
80486
1989
1,200, 000
25MHz 32bits
20
Pentium
1993
3,100, 000
0.8
60MHz
32bits
64-bit
bus
100
PentiumII
1997
7,500, 000
0.35
233
MHz
32bits
64-bit
bus
~300
PentiumIII
1999
9,500, 000
0.25
450
MHz
32bits
64-bit
bus
~510
Pentium4
2000 42,000,000
0.18
32bits
1.5GHz 64-bit ~1,700
bus
Pentium4
"Prescott"
2004 125,000,000
0.09
32bits
3.6GHz 64-bit ~7,000
bus
Name
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Intel4004
Intel8080
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