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PERENCANAAN dan
KONSTRUKSI JEMBATAN
terhadap BEBAN FATIK
Work Shop Teknologi Jembatan Terkini yang Diselenggarakan, Pusat
Penelitian Jalan dan Jembatan, Balitbang, Kementerian PU
29-30 September 2014
Fauzri Fahimuddin, Dosen Teknik Jembatan, Sipil FTUP dan Politeknik UI
(PNJ)
Bridge Failure
Preventing Failure
How
Fatigue/Cycling
loading
High cycle
Low cycle
Ductile
Brittle
Ductile Fracture
Ductile Fracture
Brittle Fracture
Fatigue process
Fatigue
Bridges
Initiation
Discontinuities in a Fillet-Welded
Detail
Engineer
concentrators - in order to
understand where fatigue occurs;
Fatigue crack propagation - in
order to understand how fatigue
occurs; and
Fatigue life prediction methods in order to review existing
approaches destined to analyze
when fatigue occurs
Definition
Technical
aspects:
aspects:
Definition
Fatigue
Definition
Fatigue Threshold
If very low cyclic stresses are applied on a non-cracked detail,
fatigue cracks will not initiate
If very low cyclic stresses are applied on cracked detail, the crack
propagation will stop
A non-initiation or non-propagation of fatigue crack means that
the material around the crack initiator or fatigue crack is not (any
more) cyclically damaged
The nominal stress level at which the cyclic damage evolution
stops is called fatigue threshold
A physical explanation of the fatigue threshold is that if nominal
load ranges are very small, then local cyclic strains around the
stress concentrator do not exceed the elastic range
This means that no plastic deformation (dislocation movement)
occurs around the grain scale stress concentrators, micro-cracks
do not nucleate, and local damaging of material does not
develop
on the relative
orientation of loading to the
crack. Mode I (tension), Mode II
(shear), Mode III (torsion).
Stress Concentrators
details there are
changes in geometry called
stress concentrators
Structural
Crack Initiators
The
Fatigue Cracks
The
a)
This
Initiation
Figure
Crack Initiation
Crack
Cyclic Loading
mean
range
max min
2
max min
max min
amplitude
2
min
Stress Ratio, R
max
Rotating Machinery
K f (a/W) a
max min for R 0
max for R 0
Stress Range
Live Load
Fatigue is
Stress Range
only considered for
tension or stress reversal
situation.
Tensile portion of stress cycle
drives or propagates the fatigue
crack, no matter how small the
tension component
No test specimen lost their loadcarrying capacity as a result of
compression cracks
Crack Length, a
1 <
2
ac2
X
da/dN2
da/dN1
ao
Cycles, N
Threshold Region
Slow Growth
log(da/dN)
da
A(K) m
dN
m
A
logK)
Paris Law
Paris Region
Stable Growth
Exampled of Distortion-Induced
Fatigue Cracking
Cut-Short
Fatigue
Transverse Stiffeners
Exampled of Distortion-Induced
Fatigue Cracking
Exampled of Distortion-Induced
Fatigue Cracking
stress concentration
at cover plate end due to abrupt
change of cross-section.
Weld at ends of cover plate
caused weld termination
transverse to flow of stresses
Later discovered that these cover
plated details where all E or E
category fatigue prone details
Level of low allowable stress rang
Conclusion
It