Continuously Variable Slope

Delta (CVSD) Modulation

Group

members
SHAHADAT ALI
SHAHEER KHALID
AAMIR SULTAN
MUHAMMAD IMRAN
AHTESHAM

CVSD - Definition
A voice

compression technique that

encodes the changes (i.e., deltas) in the
slope (i.e., rate of change), rather than the
amplitude, of analog voice signals
A method by which a voice signal is
digitized for transmission, and then
changed back to an analogue voice signal
during reception.

Signal Source
The

signal to be encoded shall be a bandlimited audio signal. The source of this

signal may be varied.
Some examples are microphones,
communication systems, and tones from
warning systems.
This standard applies to audio signals only.

Introduction to CVSD
Stand for Continuously Variable Slope Delta
(CVSD) Modulation.
Type of delta modulation
Delta modulation is an A-D conversion technique
resulting in a form of digital pulse modulation.

A delta modulator periodically samples the

amplitude of a band-limited analog signal, and the
amplitude differences of two adjacent samples are
coded into n-bit code words.

Encoding and decoding

An encoder is a device, circuit, transducer, software
program or algorithm that converts information from
one format or code to another, for the purposes of
standardization, speed, secrecy, security or
compressions.
A decoder is a circuit that changes a code into a set
of signals. It is called a decoder because it does the
reverse of encoding.

Encoding/Decoding
Technique
Encodes at 1 bit per sample

The technique to encode and decode the band-limited audio

signal is CVSD modulation

A CVSD converter consists of an encoder-decoder pair.

The decoder is connected in a feedback path.
The encoder receives a band-limited audio signal and
compares it to the analog output of the decoder.

Encoding in CVSD

CVSD decoder
The

CVSD decoder consists of the input band pass

filter, shift register, overload algorithm, syllabic
filter, PAM and reconstruction integrator used in
the encoder, and an output low-pass filter

DECODING IN CVSD

CVSD effect on signal

Applications of CVSD
MODULATIOIN
12 kbit/s CVSD is used by Motorola's SECURENET
line of digitally encrypted two-way radio products
16 and 32 kbit/s CVSD were used by military TRITAC digital telephones (DNVT, DSVT) for use in
deployed areas to provide voice recognition quality
audio.
16 kbit/s rates were typically used by US Army forces
to conserve bandwidth over tactical links

Advantages of CVSD
CVSD is some time called the
compromise between
Simplicity
Low bitrate
High quality

Disadvantages of CVSD
Like other delta-modulation techniques, the output
of the decoder does not exactly match the original
input to the encoder
Only limited to voice signals.