DATTA MEGHE INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING

TECHNOLOGY & RESEARCH,WARDHA

Department Of Civil engineering

A Presentation
on

Roofs

PRESENTED BY :
SHIVAM THAK
SANDIP JOGE
GUIDED by:
Prof. D.K.Gandhi

CONTENT
Definition
Requirement of Good Roofs
Classification of Roofs
Pitched or Sloping Roof
Flat or Terrace Roof

Roof Coverings

Definition-Roofs
A Roof is defined as the upper most part of a
building which is constructed in the form of
framework to give protection to the Building
against Rain, Heat, Snow, Wind etc
A Roof basically consist of Structural element
provided at the Top of the Building for the
support of Roof Covering.

Requirement of Good
Roofs
Durable against adverse effect of various
agencies such as wind, rain, sun etc.
Insulation against Sound & Heat.
A roof should be constructed in such a way as
to retain structural stability when dead and
imposed loads are applied to it ( dead loads is
the weight of materials used to make the
roof, imposed loads are loads created by
wind, snow, etc.
Well Drained.
It should be Water Proof.
Fire Resistant.

Classification of Roofs
Pitched or Sloping Roofs
Flat or Terraced Roofs

Roofs
Valley Rafter

Ridge

Hipped End
Verge
Jack Rafters
Common
Rafters
Gable End

Hip
Eaves
Lean-to
Roof

Flat Roof

Pitched or Sloping Roofs

Component parts of Pitched Roof

Component Parts Of
Pitched Roof
Span: The Horizontal distance between the
internal face of wall is known as span.
Principle Rafter: These are the inclined
members of truss.
Common Rafter: These are the intermediate
rafters which gives suport to the roof covering.
Pitch: The inclination of sides of a roof to the
horizontal plane.
Purlins: The wooden pieces which are placed

 Battens :- These are the thin strips of wood

which are fixed on the Rafter.
Cleats : These are small blocks of wood which are
fixed on the trusses to prevent the sliding of
Purlin.
Ridge: A wooden piece provided at the ridge line
of a Sloping Roof.
Rise: It is the vertical distance between Ridge
and the Tie Beam.

Type of Pitched Roof

1. Single Roof:
I. Lean-to Roof
II. Couple Roof
III. Couple closed Roof
2. Double Roof
3. Trussed Roof:
I. King Post Truss
II. Queen Post Truss
III. Steel Trusses

Single Roof: Lean-to Roof

It is also known as Pent Roof or Aisle Roof.
A Lean-to Roof generally used for Shades, Out
houses attached to main buildings, Verandas etc.
It is suitable for a maximum span of 2.4m

Single Roof: Couple Roof

In this types of roofs the Common Rafters Slope
upward from the opposite wall and they meet on
the Ridge Piece in the middle as shown in the fig.
A Couple Roof is suitable for span upto 3.6m.

Single Roof: Couple Closed

Roof
This Roof is just similar to Couple Roof except
that the legs of common Rafter are connected by
a Tie Beam as shown in Fig.
It can be adopted economically upto a span of 4.2
m.

Double Roof:
When the span exceed about 2.4m the necessary size for
the rafter become uneconomical.
Hence in order to reduce the size of rafter the
intermediate support is provided called as purlins.

Trussed Roof: King Post Truss

In this type of Truss the central post is known as
King Post Truss, forms a support for the tie beams.
The inclined member is known as Strut.
King Post Truss is suitable for roof of Span varying
from 5m to 8m.

Trussed Roof: Queen Post

Truss
This Truss differs from a King Post Truss in having
Two vertical Member is known as Queen Post.
A Queen post truss is suitable for Roof of Span
varying from 8m to 12m.

Steel Trusses
For span greater than 12 m, it become economical
to use the Steel Truss.
The Mild Steel is easily available in Rolled Section
of standard shape and size.
The Steel can resist both the stresses
Compression and Tension, the design of Steel
Truss is Simplified.

Roof Covering for Pitched

Roof
Factors Consider before selecting the types of Roof
Covering:

Climate of the Locality

Nature of the Building
Initial Cost And Maintenance Cost
Durability
Availability of Materials
Fabrication Facilities
Types of Roof Frame Work
Resistant to Fire and Heat

Roofing Materials

Mangalore Tiles
A.C. Corrugated Sheets
G.I. Corrugated Sheets
Plastic Sheets
Fibre Sheets

Flat or Terraced Roof

A Roof which is nearly flat is known as Flat Roof.
The construction of Flat Roof is same as that of
Roof except that the top surface is made slightly
sloping in case of Flat Roof.
It is given a slope of 1 in 30 to 1 in 40.
Types of Flat Roofs:
Madras Terrace Roof
Bengal Terraced Roof
RCC ROOF