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PASSIVE VOICE
ACTIVE? PASSIVE?
The teacher scolds
Kenny
scolds
Kenny.
the teacher.
ACTIVE
ACTIVE or PASSIVE?
Set 1 :
ACTIVE
a) The teacher scolds Kenny.
ACTIVE
b) Kenny scolds the teacher.
c) Kenny is scolded by the teacher. PASSIVE
Set 2 :
a) Alex prepares the report.
b) The report prepares Alex.
c) The report is prepared by Alex.
ACTIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
OBJECT
(doer)
(receiver)
OBJECT
(doer)
(receiver)
OBJECT
(RECEIVER)
(DOER)
Active?
- focus on the DOER (or agent) of action.
- subject performs action/acts
Passive?
- focus on the RECEIVER of action.
- subject receives action/is acted upon
- The subject of the active verb follows by
in a passive sentence.
- The noun that follows by is called an
agent
Check! Transitive vs
Intransitive
I sold some books.
I took the bus.
I bought a radio.
I understood her question.
I wrote a letter.
I slept.
I coughed.
The glass fell.
My cat ran.
transitive
According to the instructions, we must
leave this zoo immediately.
In this example, the verb "leave" takes a
direct object, the noun phrase "this zoo.
intransitive
We would like to stay longer, but we must
leave.
Active Voice
Passive Voice
Simple Present
plays/drives
is played/ driven
Present Continuous
is playing/ driving
Present prefect
Simple past
played/ drove
Past continuous
Past Perfect
had played/driven
Future
SIMPLE PRESENT
present tense verb
is/are + past participle (pp.)
Tom eats the pear.
The pear is eaten by Tom.
Tom eats the pears.
The pears are eaten by Tom.
SIMPLE PAST
past tense verb
was/were + pp.
A)
Tom ate the pear.
The pear was eaten by Tom.
B)
Tom ate the pears.
The pears were eaten by Tom
PRESENT CONTINUOUS
is/are +ing
is/are + being + pp.
A)
Tom is eating the pear.
The pear is being eaten by Tom.
B)
Tom is eating the pears.
The pears are being eaten by Tom.
PAST CONTINUOUS
was/were +ing
was/were + being + pp.
A)
Tom was eating the pear.
The pear was being eaten by Tom.
B)
Tom was eating the pears.
The pears were being eaten by Tom.
PRESENT PERFECT
has/have +pp.
has/have + been + pp.
A)
Tom has eaten the pear.
The pear has been eaten by Tom.
B)
Tom has eaten the pears.
The pears have been eaten by Tom.
PAST PERFECT
had +pp
had + been + pp.
A)
Tom had eaten the pear.
The pear had been eaten by Tom.
B)
Tom had eaten the pears.
The pears had been eaten by Tom.
SIMPLE FUTURE
will + verb
going to + verb
going to + be + pp.
FUTURE PERFECT
will have + pp
will have + been + pp.
Tom will have eaten the pear.
The pear will have been eaten by Tom.
MODAL VERBS
will
would
can
could
shall
should
may
might
must
ought to
MODAL VERBS
modal verb
(modal) + be + pp.
A)
Tom should do the work.
The work should be done by Tom.
B)
Tom can do the work.
The work can be done by Tom.
MODAL PERFECT
(modal) + have
(modal) + have +been + pp.
A)
Tom will have done the work.
The work will have been done by Tom.
B)
Tom must have made the mistake.
The mistake must have been made by Tom.
to?
To +verb
to +be + pp.
A)
Tom is going to sing the song.
The song is going to be sung by Tom.
B)
The law ought to punish the criminals.
The criminals ought to be punished (by the
law).
AGENT/Doer
The
presiding
officer
The leaders
The scientists
CHANGED TO
ACTIVE VOICE
SUMMARY
ing (present participle)
have / has / had (perfect)
modal / to
+ being
+ been
+ be
Active Passive
To summarize
Active voice
It is used for most academic writing.
It is shorter. (concise)
It is more direct, sincere. Better impact
on receiver. Feels more trustworthy
Passive voice
To add variety
To avoid responsibility