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IKA MURTI
HISTOLOGY DEPT.
FK UNSOED
Introduction
The
Outline
Central nervous system (CNS)
Peripheral nervous system (PNS)
Classification of receptors
Components
General
description
Central nervous
system (CNS)
Overall "command
center,"
processing and
integrating
information
Peripheral
nervous system
(PNS)
Nerves and
ganglia
Receives and
projects
information to and
from the CNS;
mediates some
reflexes
Nervous System
Motor
nervous
system
Components
General description
Somatic sensory
Visceral sensory
Somatic motor
Cerebrum
Grey matter
Outer part cerebral & cerebellar cortex
Gyri & sulci
Soma, dendrite, initial segment of axon
Non-myelinating glial cell
Learning, memory, sensory integration, information
analysis, initiation of motor response
White matter
Inner part
Myelinated axon & some unmyelinated axon
Oligodendrocyte >>
Cerebral cortex
Molecular
layer/plexiform layer
Horizontal cell (of Cajal)
Multiform layer
Martinotti cells
Fusiform cells
Cerebellum
Coordination & Balance
Grey matter
Cerebellar cortex
Folding cortex folia
Neuronal cell bodies & Glial cell
White matter
Medulla
Bundles of myelinated axon
PURKINJE cell
Cerebellar cortex
Molecular layer
Dendrite of Purkinje cell
Unmyelinated axon
Stellate cell
Basket cell
Granular layer
Small granule cell :
Glomeruli (cerebellar
islands)
Cerebellar
cortex
Purkinje cell
Purkinje cell
Spinal cord
Unlike the cerebrum and cerebellum, in the spinal cord the gray
matter is internal, forming a roughly H-shaped structure that consists
of two posterior (P) horns (sensory) and two anterior (A) (motor)
horns all joined by the gray commissure around the central canal
White matter
Outer part
Axons (mostly myelinated)
Meninges
Meninges
Duramater
Dense connective tissue
Periosteal duramater
Meningeal duramater
Epidural space
Subdural space
Arachnoid
Trabecular meshwork
Subarachnoid spaceCSF
Arachnoid villi
Piamater
Thin layer of loose
connective tissue
Close to brain tissue
but not contact
Fibroblast
Meninges
BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER :
a system of tight junctions in
the endothelial cells of brain
capillaries that form a semipermeable membrane,
allowing only certain
substances to enter the
brain
Neuroglia
Oligodendro
cyte
Most
capillaries in
the body
Brain capillaries
(BBB)
Astrocyte
Ependyma
Neuron
Microglia
Choroid plexus
Choroid plexus
Section of the bilateral
choroid plexus (CP)
projecting into the fourth
ventricle (V) near the
cerebrum and cerebellum
It is elaborately folded with
many finger-like villi
Choroid plexus
Peripheral nervous
system
Ganglia
Cluster of soma
Satellite cell
Nerve fiber
Bundles of myelinated & unmyelinated axon
Supported with connective tissue
Motor & sensory nerve fibers
Nerve endings
Receptors
Peripheral nervous
system
Ganglia
Ganglia are typically ovoid structures
containing neuronal cell bodies and glial
cells supported by connective tissue
A. Dorsal root ganglia/sensory
ganglia/spinal ganglia
B. Autonomic ganglia
Sensory ganglia
Autonomic ganglia
Sympathetic ganglia
Multipolar cell bodies
Nuclei eccentric + lipofuchsin granule
Less satelite cells
Parasympathetic ganglia
Near effector organ
GANGLION CELL
A sensory ganglion (G) has a distinct connective tissue capsule (C) and internal
framework continuous with the epineurium and other components of peripheral nerves,
except that no perineurium is present and there is no blood-nerve barrier function.
Fascicles of nerve fibers (F) enter and leave these ganglia. X56. Luxol fast blue.
pinal Ganglion
Sympathetic Ganglion
Immunostained satellite cells form thin sheets (S) surrounding neuronal cell bodies
(N). Like the effect of Schwann cells on axons, satellite glial cells insulate, nourish,
and regulate the microenvironment of the neuronal cell bodies. X1000. Rhodamine
red-labeled antibody against glutamine synthetase
Parasympathetic Ganglion
Parasympathetic Ganglion
Supporting tissue
Epineurium
outer sheath of fibrocollageneous tissue
Perineurium
surrounds groups of axons and endoneurium to form a
small bundles (fascicles)
Endoneurium
surrounds individual axons and their associated
Schwann cells as well as capillary blood vessels
Nerve
Sheath
Groups of fibers
are bound
together into
bundles
(fascicles) by a
perineurium
All the fascicles
of a nerve are
enclosed by a
epineurium
Each axon is
surrounded by
an
endoneurium
Nerve fibers
Nerve fibers
Nerve fibers
Classification of
receptors
Classification of
receptors
Classification of
receptors
Receptors
MEISSNERS
CORPUSCLE
MERKELS
CORPUSCLE
Mechanoreceptor
Mechanoreceptor
Capsule (+)
Capsule (-)
Lamellae of
fibroblast &
Schwann cell
Dermal papilla
Epidermis
Receptors
Mechanoreceptor :
PACCINIANS
pressure
CORPUSCLE
Capsule (+)
Lamellae of
fibroblast +
schwann cell
Hipodermis,
dermis,
periosteum, joints
capsule, visceral
organs
FREE NERVE
ENDINGS
Nociceptor
Capsule (-)
Branches of
unmyelinated
nerve fiber
Dermis
Receptors
RUFFINIANS
CORPUSCLE
KRAUSES
ENDBULB
Mechanoreceptor
Mechanoreceptor
Capsule (-)
Capsule (+)
Branches of
unmyelinated nerve
fiber
Bulb formed by
intracapsular fluid
Dermis, hipodermis,
joints capsule
Genitals, conjunctiva,
oral cavity, nasal
cavity, peritoneum
Recept
or
Pacinian corpuscles
Krausse endbulb
Muscle
spindle
References
Bloom & Fawcett. A textbook of
Histology.Chapman & Hall.
Bergman, RA; Afifi, AK; Heidger, PM. Histology. WB
Saunders Company.
Junqueira, LC, Carneiro,J & Kelly RO. Basic
Histology. Appleton & Lange.
Young, B & Heath JW. Wheathers Functional
Histology: a text and colour atlas.
Gartner, LP & Hiatt, JL. Color Textbook of
Histology, 2nd Edition. WB. Saunders Company
Thank you