BEARINGS

&
LUBRICATION

PRINCIPLES OF FRICTION

TYPES OF BEARINGS
B E A R IN G
P L A IN B E A R IN G

R O L L IN G E L E M E N T
OR
A N T I F R IC T IO N B E A R IN G

(A R E A C O N T A C T )

(P O IN T O R L IN E C O N T A C T )

J O U R N A L B E A R IN G
(R A D IA L L O A D )

S O L ID

S P L IT

HALF

T IL T IN G P A D

G U ID E B E A R IN G
(B A C K & F O R T H )
M O T IO N

T H R U S T B E A R IN G / T IL T IN G P A D
(A X IA L L O A D )

G . C Y L IN D E R &
R ID E R R IN G

G . V E R T IC A L F A N

BEARING ARRANGEMENT

THRUST

RADIAL

BEARING ARRANGEMENT

THRUST

RADIAL

BEARING ARRANGEMENT

ANTIFRICTION BEARINGS
BALL BEARINGS
RADIAL BALL BEARING
ANGULAR CONTACT BALL BEARING
ROLLER BEARINGS
CYLINDRICAL ROLLER BEARING
TAPER ROLLER BEARING
SPHERICAL ROLLER BEARING
NEEDLE ROLLER BEARING

BEARING NOMENCLATURE

LOAD DIRECTION

BALL BEARINGS

ROLLER BEARINGS

NEEDLE ROLLER BEARINGS

BEARING LIFE

LOAD CARRYING SURFACES

BEARING DESIGNATION

BEARING DESIGNATION

BEARING FAILURE ANALYSIS

A SURVEY REVEALS :
9% FAILURE DUE TO FATIGUE.
27% FAILURES DUE TO IMPROPER MOUNTING &
DISMOUNTING.
43% FAIL DUE TO IMPROPER LUBRICATION.
21% FAILURES DUE TO OTHER CAUSES.
OBJECTIVE:
100% FAILURES DUE TO NORMAL FATIGUE.

FRICTION BEARINGS

TILTING PAD BEARING

SLEEVE BEARINGS

WORKING PRINCIPLE

TILTING PAD RADIAL BEARING

TILTING PAD THRUST BEARING

LUBRICATION

WHY LUBRICATION??

Formation of protective film to

Reduce friction
Prevent corrosion
Remove wear particles and debris
Provide efficient cooling
Reduce wear
Shock absorption
Overall life improvement

LUBRICATION THEORY
Full film
Static
Hydrodynamic
Elastohydrodynamic
Application of pressure / load
Depends upon speeds, loads, lubricant viscosity
Boundary layer
Layer separation not complete
Results from insufficient lube, incorrect lube

GREASE Vs OIL
When greases?
Normal speed and temp conditions
Simpler / cheaper installation
Better adhesion
Protection against impurities
Less frequent application required
When Oils?
High Speed and temp
Excellent cleaning and flushing characteristics
Can be used in recirculative systems
Can serve better in excessive dirt environment

LUBE OIL PROPERTIES

Viscosity
Viscosity index
Flash point
Pour point
Oxidation stability
Demulsibility
Load carrying ability (EP)
Detergency
TAN / TBN

TYPES OF LUBRICANTS

Automotive oils

Industrial oils

Engine oils
Gear oils
Transmission oils
Other oils (preservative oils etc)
Turbine oils
Hydraulic oils
Gear oils
Refrigeration compressor oils

Greases
Synthetic oils

LUBE OIL SELECTION

OEM recommendation
Viscosity & VI
Bearing and lubrication type
Operating temperature

LUBE OIL MONITORING

Lube oil level
Oil pressure
Oil inlet and outlet temp
Lube cooler inlet & outlet temp
Oil filter DP
Bearing temp

WDA Concept

Every lubricated wear surface generates particles

There is a gradual build up of small particles in a normal system

When abnormal wear begins, there is no sharp instantaneous increase in the
concentration of small particles present in the system
Large particles, however, reach a dynamic equilibrium in a normal system
(filtration)
When abnormal wear begins, there is a dramatic increase in the
concentration of large particles
Therefore, detection, measurement and analysis of these large wear particles
can provide early and accurate information about the condition of the
machine

WDA Methodology

Particle Size
Composition
Shape
Concentration

WDA Trend Graph

Oil analysis Vs WDA

Lubricant Analysis

Monitoring of the lubricant

Condition of the lubricant
Viscosity, TAN, TBN, Water content, Insolubles

Wear debris Analysis

Monitoring of wear particles
Condition of the machine
Quantity of wear particles in ppm

WDA : Advantages and disadvantages

Advantages:
Provides early warning
Identifies lubricant contamination
Identifies specific failing components
Helps monitor component deterioration
Disadvantages:
Trending is necessary
Accuracy depends on sampling point, skill