Escolar Documentos
Profissional Documentos
Cultura Documentos
Prepared by:
Prepared
Nurulasyiqqin Binti
Nurulasyiqqin
BintiAhmad
AhmadShah
Shah
MPP151041
MPP151041
Biography
David Paul Ausubel (1918 2008)
An American psychologist, born in Brooklyn, New York.
Did his undergraduate work at the University of Pennsylvania (pre
med and psychology).
Graduated from medical school at Middlesex University.
Earned a Ph.D in Developmental Psychology at Columbia
University.
Influenced by the work of Piaget.
Biography
David Paul Ausubel (1918 2008)
What is meaningful
learning
Individuals must relate new knowledge to relevant
concepts they already know.
New knowledge must interact with the learners
knowledge structure.
During meaningful learning, the person subsumes, or
organizes or incorporates, new knowledge into old
knowledge.
The most crucial element in meaningful learning is how
the new information is integrated into the old knowledge
structure.
4
Cont
Subsumption theory suggests that our mind has a way to
subsume information in a hierarchical or categorical
manner if the new information is linked with prior
knowledge.
Teachers are encouraged to teach prior knowledge first
rather than new information to help information subsume.
Advance organizers provide concepts and principles to the
students directly in an organized format.
The strategy of advance organizers basically means to
classify/ categorize/ arrange (organize) information as
student proceed (advance) to the next complex level.
5
Propose
1
Propose
Helps introduce a new lesson, unit, or course.
Helps summarize major ideas in new lesson or unit.
Based on students prior knowledge.
Show similarities between old material and new material.
Allows student to transfer or apply knowledge.
Provides for structure for new information.
Helps teach complex material that is similar to information
learned previously.
7
Diagrammatic
Representation
Correlative
subsumption
Subsumption theory
Derivative
subsumption
Superordinate
learning
Combinatorial
learning
Strategy used
Advance organizer
Expository teaching
( Old + New )
Comparative teaching
( Old + New )
Meaningful learning
O+N=L
O = Old information (Prior knowledge)
N = New information
L = Learning (meaningful learning)
Derivative
subsumption
New material can be derived from the existing structure. Information can
be moved in the hierarchy, or linked to other concepts or information to
create new interpretations or meaning.
Example
(Stage 1)
10
11
Correlative
subsumption
New material is an extension or elaboration of what is already known.
Example
(Stage 2)
12
13
Superordinate learning
An individual is able to give a lot of examples of the concept but does not
know the concept itself until it is taught.
Example
(Stage 3)
14
Combinatorial learning
The first three learning processes all involve new information that
"attaches" to a hierarchy at a level that is either below or above
previously acquired knowledge. Combinatorial learning is different; it
describes a process by which the new idea is derived from another idea
that is neither higher nor lower in the hierarchy, but at the same level.
Example
(Stage 4)
15
Advance organizer
Advance organizers are used to relate prior
information to new concepts.
There are four types of advanced organizers:
1. Expository describes new knowledge
2. Narrative presents new information in story
format
3. Skimming skimming through information
4. Graphic Organizers pictographs, descriptive
or conceptual patterns, concept maps
Can be classified : expository or comparative.
16
Story Web
Help students brain storm before writing.
Have the children identify a topic and main areas they want to
share about the topic.
Have them record details about each on the branches.
Each subtopic circle and its branches represent the main idea of
a paragraph and the supporting details.
Have students number the circles to reflect the order in which
they plan to organize their written paragraphs.
This exercise will allow students to get a jump start on their
writing.
Expository teaching
While presenting new material.
Use beginning of lesson.
Presents several encompassing generalizations where
detailed contents will be added later.
Example
19
Comparative organizer
Useful when the knowledge to be presented is new to
learner.
Compares new material with knowledge already known by
emphasizing the similarities between 2 types of material &
showing the information that is to be learnt.
Ausubels teaching approach is deductive in nature.
Example
20
Conclusion
Ausubels theory is concerned with how individuals
learn large amounts of meaningful material from
verbal/ textual (lecture/ books) presentations in a
school setting as opposed to theories developed
based on experimental settings.
Therefore, learning is based upon the kinds of
superordinate, representational, and combinatorial
processes that occur during the presentation of
information.
21