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System Fusion

The N0DCA Repeater System

Overview
Digital

communications in amateur radio and the case for

C4FM
Yaesus

implementation of C4FM: System Fusion

History of Digital Modes in Land


Mobile
1980s:

first digital LMR radios appear, using GMSK (GFSK)


technique

Now,

GMSK is out of favor, and C4FM (4-level Frequency Shift


Keying) is dominant

2003:

first GMSK transceiver released for amateur radio


market

2004:
2011:

Icoms D-STAR released; it also uses GMSK

Motorola LMRs Digital Mobile Radio released, using


C4FM; DMR-MARC demonstrated it for Amateur Radio at
Dayton

Types of Digital Communication


Systems
Modulation:

GMSK, /4 DPQSK, C4DM (4-level FSK)

Communication

type: FDMA (Frequency Domain Multiple


Access), TDMA (Time Domain Multiple Access)

Protocol

GMSK

Simple, used in earlier cell


phone systems

Performance exceeded by
other systems

D-STAR uses GMSK

/4 DPQSK (4-minute pi DPQSK)

High-grade modulation
method, produces low
distortion

Requires linearity (like SSB


transceivers) and
complicated circuitry to
implement

Not commonly used in LMR

C4FM Modulation

At same bandwidth, C4FM


circuit can be simplified and
the Bit Error Rate approved

Main modulation method in


LMR these days

Yaesu using this as the basis


for SystemFusion in the
amateur market

Is C4FM compatible with D-STAR?


No,
Is

its not; different modulation techniques (GMSK vs C4FM)

this a problem in the amateur radio world?

Not

really; an example of the experimentation that amateur


radio is known for

Is C4FM Digital always the superior


mode?
No,

it isnt; there will be instances when analog is superior

We

amateurs know that different modes have different


advantages and that some are preferred in certain
circumstances

C4FM

is another mode available to amateurs, increasing our


capabilities; its another tool in our toolbox

Yaesus implementation: System


Fusion
Three

C4FM modes, using 12.5 kHz bandwidth:

V/D

Mode Voice/Data simultaneous communication, half for


voice, half for data and error correction

Voice

FR (full rate) Mode all bandwidth used for voice, top


audio quality

Data

FR Mode all bandwidth used for data

Analog

FM 25 kHz; used when signals too weak for digital

AMS (Automatic Mode Select)


Transceiver

recognizes the incoming mode (C4FM digital or


analog FM) and switches over to match that mode

No

need to remember to manually switch the mode on the


transceiver

Enables

mixed-mode communication on compatible


repeaters

If

a SystemFusion repeater is installed, youre not locked


out if you dont have a SystemFusion transceiver

New Functions Gained with C4FM


Digital

GM (Group Monitor) Function see where group


members are located

Snapshot

Function transmit images taken with camera


microphone

Smart

Navigation Functions

Simultaneous Voice and Data transmissions allows APRS-type


position data to be sent while transmitting

Backtrack navigation allows one to return to a preset point


(useful for hiking)

Equipment that is C4FM capable


Repeater

DR-1 144/430 dual band C4FM/FM repeater

HT

FT1DR or FT2DR 144/430 dual band C4FM/FM 5W


transceiver

Mobile

FTM-400DR 144/430 dual band C4FM/FM 50W


transceiver

Other

Yaesu brand 144 or 430 band transceivers with digital


modes built in.

What is Wires-X?
WIRES

(Wide-coverage Internet Repeater Enhancement


System) is an Internet communication system which expands
the range of amateur radio communication.

The heart of the system is the


HRI-200.

The Repeater DR-1X

Our Current Configuration


South

Sioux City Repeater 443.750 MHz - 110.9 PL

DR-1X

Repeater set on AMS/AMS.

HRI-200

set in Analog mode

Node

Info: #30078

N0DCA-SSC

Room

Info: #40078

NEBRASKA-ARES

Future Configuration
Jackson
Install

HRI-200

HRI-200
Node
Room

repeater, KFHC Radio Tower 146.790 110.9

set in Digital mode

# TBA

N0DCA-JAX

# TBA N0DCA-ARES

Node and Room Information


https://www.yaesu.com/jp/en/wires-x/id/id_active.php

What does that all mean?

The South Sioux City repeater will be linked full-time to the NEBRASKAHUB.

All analog traffic on repeater will be passed out over Wires-X

Digital users can only talk locally on repeater. (No access to Wires-X)

The Jackson repeater will be linked full-time to the NEBRAKSA-HUB.

All digital traffic will be passed out over Wires-X

Analog users can only talk locally on repeater (No access to Wires-X)

Now for the fun part!


Lets talk about and have a show
and tell about the functions of
System Fusion radios!

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