SOCIALIZATION

People is affected, learn and adopt

culture
behavior
Click to add text
norms
attitude
belief

Attire

Opinion

Eating Style

SOCIAL INEQUALITY
Unequal opportunities, goods,
rewards and punishment
related to

Race

Gender

Status

3 MAIN KIND OF SOCIETY

Patriarchal Society
Matriarchal Society
Egalitarian Society

FAMILY INSTITUTION
Negeri Sembilan Malay Culture
-Two different customary laws (Adat Perpatih and Adat
Temenggung)
-Apply Adat Perpatih which is a matrilineal system

Baba Nyonya Culture

Belongs to the patriarchal society
Gender inequality
~forced to stay in home
Gender equality
~Baba and Nyonya have their surname in front, followed by
a middle name and last name which is given name

Kadazan Culture
Belongs to the patriarchal society
~women are considered unsuccessful if their handicraft
are not attractive
~men had limited time to be involved with their children
because they often worked long time outside

SIKH CULTURE
Teachings of the Ten Sikhs Guru :
Social equality between different sex

Todays Sikh society (for some):

Men are regarded as more important
compared to women

Example : Gender Inequality

Women are ritually unclean through menstruation or childbirth.
Girls are known as liabilities.
Getting male baby is better as compared to get a female baby.

SIKH CULTURE
Dominance of masculine identity

Example : Gender Equality

Marriage
New bride is respected just like a daughter
Given equal right as husband in new family

According to Guru Amar Das, husband and wife are said

to have one soul in two bodies.

IBAN CULTURE
Gender equality
Most marriages are monogamous.

Monogamous : one husband, one wife

SEMAI CULTURE
Gender equality
Egalitarian society
No separate ideals for men versus women
No task is strictly distributed between men and women

Example
Marriage
Newly married Semai couples will begin living in womens
settlement then move to males settlement after a period of
time
Shifting will continue until they finally settled down in one
another

RELIGION INSTITUTION
A social institution that answers questions and
explains the seemingly inexplicable.
Provides explanations for why things happen and
demystifies the ideas of birth and death.

RELIGION

MONOTHEISTIC

WAHEGURU
( WONDERFUL LORD)

POLYTHEISTIC

HINDUISM

TAOISM

How religion institution affect the gender

inequality?

MUSLIMS CULTURE
Apply patriarchal in their society.
Believe that the worth of a male is more than a female.
Example that found from Islam Al-Quran:
Quran (4:11) - (Inheritance) "The male shall have the equal of the portion of
two females".
For Muslims female,
they have to lower their gaze around male to prevent from looking into their eyes
directly.
They try to keep away from heterosexual and prevent physical contact.

Practicing unequal wife-to-husband ratio.

Example : A man can marry up to four of wife depend on his choice but a woman can
only marry a husband.

BUDDHISTS FAITH
Applies egalitarian.
The Lotus Sutra teaches that all living beings possess the
world of Buddhahood.
There is not even a hint of discrimination toward women.
If there are men who deny the enlightenment of women, they are
denying the possibility of their own attainment of Buddhahood.
Whether male or female, being noble or base depends entirely on
what a person has done. It is one's actions and sincerity that count.
That is Shakyamuni's spirit.

The Lotus Sutra teaches that men and women are equal both
in enlightenment and in practice.

KADAZANS BELIEF
A special case for them to apply matriarchal
The soothsayers who are mostly old women act as
shamans because they can heal sick through the ritual.
The level of men are lower than women because they do
not have the same power as women.
Men physical strength, women spiritual powers.
Womens memories are stronger and are able to remember all
the long ritual poems which have thousands of lines in each
ceremony.
Therefore, the strength of a female is stronger than a male.

Believe that if a black cat jump over a corpse, the corpse

will wake up, rampage and kill someone beside.

"

EDUCATION
"Education is not preparation for life;
education is life itself."- John Dewey.
Iban and Sikh culture
Female is taught to be a stay at home
mom.
Men have a higher chance to be
educated.

CASE 1:
SMK Tunku Abdul Aziz
- Female student having a boy
haircut is said to be
indiscipline.
- "Contributed" RM100 to
Parent Teacher's Association

POLITIC
SIKH
Shamsul & Arunajeet
(2011),
Females lack of Sikh
identity
Women cannot be trusted

Source from website Malaysiakini:Keputusan rasmi pilihan raya Sarawak (7 Mei 2016)

Proof of the obstacles that hinder the participation of women in parliament.

Tan Sri Fatimah Hashim

Che Siti Wan Kembang

Conclusion

Government
-education

Solution to
solve gender
inequality

Public
-campaign