NATURAL

HAZARDS
TSUNAMI
EARTHQUAKE
DROUGHT
FLOOD
HIGH WIND
HURRICANE
VOLCANO
WILD LIFE

TSUNAMI
PPT BY
TABASSUM

WHAT IS
TSUNAMI?

Most devastating natural disasters known to man

a series of huge waves that can cause great devastation

& loss
of life when strike a coast
About 90% of all tsunamis occur in THE PACIFIC OCEAN
All tsunamis are potentially dangerous even though they
may not damage every coast line they strike

ORIGIN AND DEFINITION

The term tsunami comes from the Japanese

composed of two words

Tsu = harbour and

nami = wave

A Tsunami is a series of water waves caused by the

displacement of a large volume of body of water

typically an ocean or a large lake

IN DETAIL
Etymology
History
Generation mechanism
a)seismicity

b)landslides
c)meteotsunamis
Characteristics
Drawback
Scales of intensity & magnitude
Warnings & predictions
Mitigation

ETYMOLOGY
Also known as seismic sea waves are a
series of enormous waves created by an
underwater disturbance such as an
earthquake, land slide, volcanic eruption
A tsunami can move hundreds of miles
per hour in the open ocean and smash into
land with waves as high as 100feet or
more
All tsunamis are potentially dangerous
even though they maynot damage every
coastline they strike

HISTORY

The cause of this phenomenon must be the earth quake

The sea is driven back & suddenly recoiling with
redoubled force causes this inundation
Japan has the longest recorded history of tsunamis
The sheer destruction caused by the 2004 Indian Ocean
earthquake & tsunami event mark it as the most
devastating in modern times killing aroung 230,000
people

GENERATION MECHANISM

The principal generation mechanism or

cause of a tsunami is the displacement of
a substantial volume of water of the sea
This displacement of water is usually
attributed to either earthquake, volcanic
eruptions etc.,
The waves formed in this way are then
sustained by gravity
Tides donot play any part in generation of
tsunamis

EARTHQUAKES

TSUN AM IS

The 1960 Valdivia earthquake

The 1964 Alaska earthquake
The 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake
The 2011 Tohoku Ocean earthquake

are recent examples of

powerful megathrust
earthquakes
that generated tsunamis known as
teletsunamis that can cross entire oceans

GENERATION
MECHANISM

Travel at speeds upto 400-500 miles per hour

In deep waters, tsunamis are low & wide, often less than 3 feet high
As such as 95 miles b/w the crest of one wave & the next
At shallower waters , they get more deadly
Can reach upto the heights of 100 feet or more& crash in land

WARNINGS & PREDICTIONS

Threat levels within tsunami warnings
1)NO THREAT
An undersea earthquake has been detected
however it hasnot generated a tsunami
2)MARINE &FORE SHORE THREAT
Warning of potentially dangerous rips ,waves &
strong ocean currents in the marine
environment& the possibility of only some
localised overflow onto immediate foreshore
3)LAND INUNDATION THREAT

Warning for low lying coastal areas or major

land inundation, flooding dangerous rips,
waves & strong ocean currents

PREDICTIONS
In

Japan & the United States , the foundation of

tsunami warnings systems is seismometer
When officials detect a large, shallow earthquake
under the ocean , they issue a warning
Depending on where the tsunami originates, the
sensors could give hours of warning time

Tsunami warning sign

TSUNAMI EFFECTS
Tsunami

can appear as a falling or

a rising tide, waves.
Tsunami can last for several hours
A Tsunami consists of several wave
trains following each other
A pattern of high water levels is
alternated with low water levels

TSUNAMI 2004
DECEMBER 26TH
230,000