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RA41202EN40GLA0
Module Objectives
After completing this module, the participant should be able to:
RA41202EN40GLA0
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
Evolved NB functionalities
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Terminals
LTE Summary
RA41202EN40GLA0
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
Evolved NB functionalities
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Terminals
LTE Summary
RA41202EN40GLA0
Throughput
Latency
2-3
Fa
ct o
tor
r1
c
Fa
HSPA
LTE
HSPA
LTE
UMTS
HSPA
I-HSPA
LTE
LTE: lower cost per bit and improved end user experience
6
RA41202EN40GLA0
GSM/WCDMA/HSPA
and CDMA
OFDM technology
Flat, scalable IP based
architecture
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Decreased cost / GB
GSM/WCDMA/HSPA
and cdma2000
Specification:
UMTS/
WCDMA
3GPP
3GPP Rel.
Rel. 99/4
99/4
2000
HSDPA
IMS
HSUPA
MBMS
WLAN IW
HSPA+
LTE Studies
LTE-A
studies
LTE-A
Rel.
Rel. 55
Rel.
Rel. 66
Rel.
Rel. 77
Rel.
Rel. 88
Rel.
Rel. 99
Rel.
Rel. 10
10
2003
2005
2007
2008
2009
2011
year
LTE have been developed by the same standardization organization. The target has been
simple multimode implementation and backwards compatibility.
HSPA and LTE have in common:
Sampling rate using the same clocking frequency
Same kind of Turbo coding
The harmonization of these parameters is important as sampling and Turbo decoding are
typically done on hardware due to high processing requirements.
WiMAX and LTE do not have such harmonization.
RA41202EN40GLA0
LTE-A: LTE-Advanced
Mbps
250
200
150
GSM/
EDGE
100
HSPA
Rel6
50
0
HSPA R6
Evolved HSPA
(Rel. 7/8, 2x2
MIMO)
LTE 2x20
MHz (4x4
MIMO)
HSPAevo
(Rel8)
LTE
min max
20
40
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60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200 ms
Scalable Bandwidth
Scalable bandwidth
Scalable bandwidth
of 1.4 20 MHz
Urban
2.6 GHz
LTE
UMTS
2.1 GHz
or
2.6 GHz
LTE
2006
2008
LTE
UMTS
2.1 GHz
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
Rural
UMTS
LTE
or
2006
10
2008
LTE
GSM
900 MHz
2010
RA41202EN40GLA0
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
OFDMA technology
increases Spectral
efficiency
Reference:
- HSPA R6 and LTE R8 from 3GPP R1-071960
- HSPA R6 equalizer from 3GPP R1-063335
- HSPA R7 and WiMAX from NSN/Nokia
simulations
11
RA41202EN40GLA0
Core
Control
MME
IMS
HLR/HSS
Internet
Evolved Node B
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RA41202EN40GLA0
Gateway
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
Minimise the presence of single points of failure in the network above the eNBs S1-Flex
interface
9. Support for inter-working with existing 3G system & non-3GPP specified systems.
10. Operation in FDD & TDD modes
11. Improved terminal power efficiency
A more detailed list of the requirements and objectives for LTE can be found in TR 25.913.
13
RA41202EN40GLA0
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
Evolved NB functionalities
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Terminals
LTE Summary
14
RA41202EN40GLA0
eNode-B
Serving
GW
PDN
GW
RA41202EN40GLA0
Packet
Data
Network
eNode-B
Serving
GW
RA41202EN40GLA0
PDN
GW
Packet
Data
Network
eNode-B
Serving
GW
PDN
GW
RA41202EN40GLA0
Packet
Data
Network
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
Evolved NB functionalities
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Terminals
LTE Summary
18
RA41202EN40GLA0
Direct tunnel
I-HSPA
LTE
HSPA R6
HSPA R7
HSPA R7
LTE R8
GGSN
GGSN
GGSN
SAE GW
SGSN
SGSN
SGSN
RNC
RNC
Node B
(NB)
Node B
(NB)
Node B +
RNC
Functionality
19
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MME/SGSN
Evolved
Node B
(eNB)
User plane
Control Plane
SAE or EPC
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eNB
Mobility
Management
Entity
Policy &
Charging Rule
Function
S6a
MME
X2
S1
S10
S7
ME
M
-
Rx+
PCRF
S11
S5/S8
S1-U
LTE-Uu
LTE-UE
21
Evolved Node B
(eNB)
Serving
Gateway
PDN
Gateway
SAE
Gateway
RA41202EN40GLA0
SGi
PDN
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
Evolved NB functionalities
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Terminals
LTE Summary
22
RA41202EN40GLA0
RA41202EN40GLA0
part of eUTRAN.
Replaces the old Node B / RNC
combination from 3G.
Terminates the complete radio
interface including physical layer.
Provides all radio management
functions
To enable efficient inter-cell radio
management for cells not attached to
the same eNB, there is a inter-eNB
interface X2 specified. It will allow to
coordinate inter-eNB handovers
without direct involvement of EPC
during this process.
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
Evolved NB functionalities
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Terminals
LTE Summary
24
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(E)-RRC
User PDUs
PDUs .. User
User PDUs
PDUs
(E)-RRC User
PDCP
PDCP
RLC
RLC
TS 36.300
MAC
MAC
eNB
LTE-L1
LTE-L1 (FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
(FDD/TDD-OFDMA/SC-FDMA)
LTE-Uu
X2-CP
(Control Plane)
TS 36.423
TS 36.422
TS 36.421
X2-UP
(User Plane)
User
User PDUs
PDUs
X2-AP
X2-AP
GTP-U
GTP-U
SCTP
SCTP
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
IP
IP
L1/L2
L1/L2
L1/L2
L1/L2
TS 36.424
TS 36.421
(Application Part)
Functionalities:
X2
In inter- eNB HO to facilitate Handover
and provide data forwarding.
In RRM to provide e.g. load
information to neighbouring eNBs to
facilitate interference management.
Logical interface: doesnt need direct
site-to-site connection, i.e. can be
routed via CN as well
eNB
Nokia Siemens Networks
X2 interface
TS 36.420
25
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S1-MME
(Control Plane)
S1-MME interface
NAS
NAS Protocols
Protocols
S1-U interface
26
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S1-AP
S1-AP
TS 36.412
SCTP
SCTP
MME
IP
IP
TS 36.411
L1/L2
L1/L2
TS 36.413
S1-U
(User Plane)
eNB
User
User PDUs
PDUs
TS 36.414
GTP-U
GTP-U
UDP
UDP
IP
IP
TS 36.411
L1/L2
L1/L2
TS 36.410
Serving
Gateway
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
Evolved NB functionalities
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Terminals
LTE Summary
27
RA41202EN40GLA0
LTE UE Categories
Power
Class
Tx Power
(dBm)
[+30]
[+27]
+23
[+21]
+/-2 dB
Class 1
Class 2
Class 3
Class 4
Class 5
Class 6
Class 7
Class 8
10/5 Mbps
50/25 Mbps
100/50 Mbps
150/50 Mbps
299/75 Mbps
301/50 Mbps
301/102 Mbps
3000/1500
Mbps
RF bandwidth
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
20 MHz
Modulation DL
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
64QAM
Modulation UL
16QAM
16QAM
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
16QAM
16QAM
64QAM
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Optional
2x2
2x2
2x2
4x4
2x2 or 4x4
2x2 or 4x4
8x8
peakrate
DL/UL
Rx diversity
MIMO DL
28
Tolerance
(dB)
RA41202EN40GLA0
Module Contents
LTE Requirements
LTE Key Features
LTE Standardization
LTE Architecture
Evolved NB functionalities
EUTRAN Interfaces
LTE Summary
29
RA41202EN40GLA0
RA41202EN40GLA0