Motivation:

Motivation:
From
From Concepts
Concepts to
to Applications
Applications
Ch. 7

What
What is
is MBO?
MBO?

Key
KeyElements
Elements
1.1. Goal
Goalspecificity
specificity
2.2.
3.3.

Participative
Participativedecision
decisionmaking
making
An
Anexplicit
explicittime
timeperiod
period

4.4. Performance
Performancefeedback
feedback

Why
Why MBOs
MBOs Fail
Fail
Unrealistic expectations about MBO results
Lack of commitment by top management
Failure to allocate reward properly
Cultural incompatibilities

Employee
Employee Recognition
Recognition Programs
Programs
Types of programs

Personal attention
Expressing interest
Approval
Appreciation for a job well done

Benefits of programs
Fulfills employees desire for recognition.
Encourages repetition of desired behaviors.
Enhances group/team cohesiveness and
motivation.
Encourages employee suggestions for improving
processes and cutting costs.

What
What is
is Employee
Employee Involvement?
Involvement?

Examples
Examples of
of Employee
Employee Involvement
Involvement Programs
Programs

Examples
Examples of
of Employee
Employee Involvement
Involvement Programs
Programs
(contd)
(contd)

How
HowaaTypical
Typical
Quality
QualityCircle
Circle
Operates
Operates

EXHIBIT

7-4

Examples
Examples of
of Employee
Employee Involvement
Involvement Programs
Programs
(contd)
(contd)

Variable
Variable Pay
Pay Programs
Programs

Variable
Variable Pay
Pay Programs
Programs (contd)
(contd)

Skill-Based
Skill-Based Pay
Pay Plans
Plans

Benefits
Benefitsof
ofSkill-based
Skill-basedPay
PayPlans:
Plans:
1.1.
2.2.

Provides
Providesstaffing
staffingflexibility.
flexibility.
Facilitates
Facilitatescommunication
communicationacross
acrossthe
theorganization.
organization.

3.3.
4.4.

Lessens
Lessensprotection
protectionof
ofterritory
territorybehaviors.
behaviors.
Meets
Meetsthe
theneeds
needsof
ofemployees
employeesfor
foradvancement
advancement
(without
(withoutpromotion).
promotion).

5.5. Leads
Leadsto
toperformance
performanceimprovements.
improvements.

Skill-Based
Skill-Based Pay
Pay Plans
Plans (contd)
(contd)

Drawbacks
Drawbacksof
ofSkill-based
Skill-basedPay
PayPlans:
Plans:
1.1. Lack
Lackof
ofadditional
additionallearning
learningopportunities
opportunitiesthat
thatwill
will
increase
increaseemployee
employeepay.
pay.
2.2. Continuing
Continuingto
topay
payemployees
employeesfor
forskills
skillsthat
thathave
have
become
becomeobsolete.
obsolete.
3.3. Paying
Payingfor
forskills
skillswhich
whichare
areof
ofno
noimmediate
immediateuse
use
to
tothe
theorganization.
organization.
4.4. Paying
Payingfor
foraaskill,
skill,not
notfor
forthe
thelevel
levelof
ofemployee
employee
performance
performancefor
forthe
theparticular
particularskill.
skill.

Flexible
Flexible Benefits
Benefits
Employees tailor their benefits package
to meet their personal needs by picking
and choosing from a menu of benefit
options.

Special
Special Issues
Issues in
in Motivation
Motivation
Motivating Professionals

Provide challenging projects.

Allow them the autonomy to be productive.
Reward with educational opportunities.
Reward with recognition.
Express interest in what they are doing.
Create alternative career paths.

Motivating Contingent Workers

Provide opportunity for permanent status.
Provide opportunities for training.
Provide equitable pay.

Special
Special Issues
Issues in
in Motivation
Motivation (contd)
(contd)
Motivating the Diversified Workforce
Provide flexible work, leave, and pay schedules.
Provide child and elder care benefits.
Structure working relationships to account for
cultural differences and similarities.

Motivating Low-Skilled Service Workers

Recruit widely.
Increase pay and benefits.
Make jobs more appealing.

Special
Special Issues
Issues in
in Motivation
Motivation (contd)
(contd)
Motivating People Doing Highly Repetitive Tasks
Recruit and select employees that fit the job.
Create a pleasant work environment.
Mechanize the most distasteful aspects of the
job.