PROKARYOTIC

TRANSLATION
GROUP 5 :
TRECY IVANI

(145090101111016)

NUR RAHMATTULLAH
RETNO P.

(145090101111017)

(145090101111020)

GERALDO J.F. (145090101111021)

WIAAM RANIAH S.(145090101111012)
MEYLA RESTIA D. (145090101111026)

DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGY
FACULTY OF MATHEMATICS AND NATURAL SCIENCES
UNIVERSITY OF BRAWIJAYA
MALANG
2016

OVERVIEW TRANSLATION

(Reece et al., 2015)

(Reece et al., 2015)

Figure 2. The triplet code

Component of Translation
tRNA

Ribosomal protein
and rRNA

mRN
A

Factor
Component of Translation
proteins:
Amino
Enzyme:
- IF-1, IF-2, IFacid
Peptidyl
3
(initiation
transferase
factors)
- EF-Tu
(elongation
Energy: ATP
factor Tu)
and GTP
- EF-G
(elongation
factor G)
- RF-1 dan RF2
(release
factor)

Structure of tRNA

Alberts et al (2008)

tRNA Charging

Structure of aminoacyl-tRNA (charged

tRNA)

Alberts et al (2008)

Structure of rRNA

(Champbell, 2002)

Large subunit

Small subunit
(Champbell, 2002)

mRNA (messenger RNA)

Procaryote mRNA

(Pierce et al., 2014)

ShineDalgarno consensus sequence in mRNA is required for the

attachment of the small subunit of the ribosome

mRNA (messenger RNA)

(Watson et al, 2014)

(Nierhaus, 2006)

Redundant Effect :
Each triplet codon only code for one AA
Each AA can be coded by several triplet codon

Translation Initiation
Initiation

involves all the steps before the formation of

the peptide bond between the first two amino acids in the
peptide chain.
Molecules involved in translation initiation:
1. mRNA
2. rRNA (ribosom)
3. Specific initiator tRNA (start anticodon = UAC)
4. Initiation factor (IF-1, IF-2, IF-3)
5. Energy (GTP)

Translation Initiation in Prokaryotic

Simple Ways
1. The small ribosome finds the mRNA
2. Finding the start codon
3. Place the start tRNA (Met tRNA) in its correct location
4. Assembly of the entire ribosome (large and small) and the

start tRNA (tRNA Met)

Scientific Details?

Translation Initiation in Prokaryotic

1. Finding mRNA
.Interaction between small ribosomal subunit (30S) and
two initiation factors (IF-1 and IF-3)
Initiation Complex 30S
.The complex (30S ribosomal subunit + IF-1 + IF-3)
to mRNA at a specific location

bind

Ribosom Binding Site

The binding site in mRNA is not only the start codon (AUG)
WHY?
A sequences upstream of the start codon are essential for
specific binding of ribosome to the correct location.
The ribosome binding site (RBS) in prokaryotic mRNA is
called Shine-Dalgarno sequence (AGGAGG).

Shine-Dalgarno Sequence
The sequence interacts with the complementary sequence
in 16S rRNA in the small ribosomal subunit.

This sequence helps translating a polycistronic transcript

and each gene independently!

Shine-Dalgarno Sequence

Translation Initiation in Prokaryotic

2. Initiator tRNA in Bacteria
.The initiator tRNA in bacteria recognizes the start codon
with a complementary anti-codon sequence (5 CAU 3)
.The initiator tRNA (fMet-tRNA) gets carried to the complex
30S by IF-2 and GTP, binds to P site.

Translation Initiation in Prokaryotic

3. Assembly of The Entire Ribosome
.The initiation factors (IF-1, IF-2 & IF3) gets released and
GTP hidrolised.
.Resulting complex is called the initiation complex 70S.
Initiation Complex includes:

1.
2.
3.
4.

fMet-tRNA.
mRNA.
Small ribosome.
Large ribosome.

Translation Elongation in Prokaryotic

Elongation is adding more amino acids carried by tRNA to Metionin
(the start amino acid)
Step in Translation Elongation:
1.tRNA charging- Aminoacyl-tRNA
2.Peptide bond forms.
3.Ribosome moves (translocate) one codon downstream.
Molecules involved in Translation Elongation:
Charged tRNA
Elongation factor (EF)
GTP

Elongation Process
1. fMet-tRNA is bound to the AUG
codon at P site.
2. Next codon is positioned in the A
site.
3. Appropriate
amino-acyl
binds to the A site.

tRNA

4. The charged tRNA is brought to

the ribosome by elongation factors
(EF and GTP).
5. Two amino-acyl tRNAs are in
positions P and A and a peptide
bond is formed between the two
amino acids.

Elongation Process
6. The bond between the amino acid
and tRNA at P site is broken.
7. A peptide bond is formed between
the free amino acid from the P
site and the one at the A site by:
Peptidyl Transferase
8. When a peptide bond is formed
the free tRNA is in site P and the
tRNA at site A has two amino
acids.
9. Ribosome moves
downstream (3)

one

codon

Elongation Process

10. Free tRNA moves to the E

site.
11. A new charged tRNA gets to
the A site and the cycle
repeats.

Termination Process
Termination is signaled by STOP codon
Termination Process:
1. Stop codons Do Not code for amino
acids
2. Release Factors (RF) which looks like
tRNA binds to the A site
3. Peptide is cleaved by peptidyl
transferase at the P site

Termination Process

4. Amino acid chain is released

5. tRNA at E site and P site are released

Termination Process

6. Ribosome two units break free from the

mRNA and RF is released

POLYRIBOSOME

(Reece et al, 2015)

(Alberts dkk, 2004)

THANKYOU!