Interfaces and Protocols Introduction

WR_005_E1
Call and Signaling Process
Interfaces and protocols

V0507
ZTE University
3G Course Team
ZTE University
The information contained in the file is solely property of ZTE corporation. Any kind of disclosing without permission is prohibited.
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Course Objectives
Understand
ATM basic knowledge
Master
Network interfaces
Master
signaling process
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Agenda:
ATM
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Basics
Network
Interfaces
Software
workflow
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ATM (1)
ATM-Asynchronous Transfer Mode
ATM transfers information in fixed-size units called cells.
Each cell consists of 53 bytes.
5bytes
cell-header
53 bytes
48 bytes
payload
(user information)
ATM cell
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ATM (2)
Circuit Switch
Fix
connecting,
synchronization
time
division
multiplexing
Good real time performance and weak flexibility
Packet Switch
Virtual circuit connecting without fixed time slot
Weak real time performance and good flexibility
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ATM protocol reference model
Management plane
Higher layer protocol
AAL adaptation layer
Layer m an agem ent
Higher layer protocol
User plane
Plane management
Control plane
ATM cell layer

PHY physical layer
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ATM protocol reference model(1)
ATM protocol reference model consists of three planes:
User plane
responsible for user information transmission hierarchically.
Control plane
provides the call and connection control function and the signaling
function is also involved, which is hierarchy too.
Management plane
provides two management functions: plane management and layer
management.
The plane management is responsible for management related to the
entire system and performs the function of coordination among different
planes.
While the layer management is responsible for management of network
resources and protocol parameters as well as processes the operation
& maintenance information flow at each layer.
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ATM protocol reference model(2)
The ATM protocol reference model consists of four layers:
Physical layer
responsible for correct and effective cell transmission via the
physical media
ATM layer
responsible for cell switching, routing and multiplexing
ATM adaptation layer

the AAL layer is responsible for adaptation of higher-layer service
information or signaling information to ATM cell flow
Higher layer
equivalent to the application layer of each service or the higher
layer of signaling.
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Comparison between VCC and VPC
The connection-oriented mode is adopted in ATM.
ATM connection, that is, end-to-end transfer capability

Virtual channel (VC) level -VCC
Virtual path (VP) level-VPC
VCC
Virtual
channel level
VC link
VCIx
VCC end point
VC link
VCIy
VC link
VCIz
VCC end point
VPC
VP link
VP link
VPIx
VPC end point
VPIy
Virtual
path level
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VP link
VPIz
VPC end point
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VP & VC Switching
The VPI value has to be changed during VP switching While all VCI
values contained in it remain unchanged.
During VC switching, both the VPI and VCI values should be changed.
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ATM Adaptation layer
AAL between ATM layer and high-layer applications
implements the service functions needed by the high layer

(such as error checking processing and timing control),
supports the adaptation between the high layer and
ATM layer-mapping PDU of the high layer to the
information segment of the ATM cell or vice versa.
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AAL classes
Traffic
Parameter
Class A
Timing between source

and destination
Bit rate
Traffic sample
QoS
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Class C
need
various
Connection-orient
AAL 1
Circuit
simulation
QoS1
Class D
Not need
fixed
Connection mode
AAL types
Class B
AAL 2
Connectionless- orient
AAL 3
AAL 4
AAL 5
Moving image
Connection-orient connectionless data
video and audio data transmitting transmitting
QoS2
QoS3
QoS4
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AAL2
AAL2
suitable for VBR (variable bit rate) traffic, typically
includes services characterized as voice or video.
Traffic must be real-time transmitted for existing timing
relationship
between
signal
source
and
signal
destination.
Allowing
the
same
VCC
multiplexing
multiple
connection procession.
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AAL5
AAL5
Efficient Data traffic transmitting adaptation

protocol
Supplying the same traffic with AAL3/4
Can be used as signal AAL.
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Agenda
ATM
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Basics
Network
Interfaces
Software
workflow
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UTRAN Architecture
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Network Interfaces
Universal Model of the UTRAN Interface:
Radio
Network
Layer
Control Plane
User Plane
Application
Protocol
Data
Stream(s)
Transport TransportNetwork
User Plane
Network
Layer
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Transport Network
Control
Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
ALCAP(s)
Signalling
Bearer(s)
Data
Bearer(s)
Physical Layer
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Iu Interface
According to different connected entities, the Iu
interface can be divided into three types:

Iu-CS (Iu Circuit Switched)
Iu-CS is the interface for connection with the circuit-switched (CS)
CN.
Iu-PS (Iu Packet Switched)
Iu-PS is the interface for connection with the packet-switched (PS)
CN.
Iu-BC (Iu Broadcast)
Iu-BC is the interface for connection with the broadcast domain of
CN. Iu-BC supports the cell broadcast service and is used to
connect UTRAN with the CNs broadcast domain.
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Iu Interface
Core Network (CN)
UTRAN
CS
Domain
Node B
RNC
Node B
PS
Domain
Iu-PS
Node B
RNC
Node B
Iu-CS
BC
Domain
Iu-BC
Iu Interface
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Iu-CS Interface Stack Structure

Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
Control Plane
User Plane
Iu UP Protocol
Layer
RANAP
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
Q.2630.1
SCCP
MTP3b
Q.2150.1
MTP3b
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
AAL5
SSCF-NNI
SSCOP
AAL5
AAL2
ATM
Physical Layer
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Iu-PS Interface Stack Structure

Radio
Network
Layer
Control Plane
Network
Layer
Transport Network
Control Plane
Transport Network
User Plane
SCCP
M3UA
MTP3-B
SCTP
SSCF-NNI
IP
SSCOP
AAL5
ATM
Physical Layer
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Iu UP Protocol
Layer
RANAP
Transport Network
User Plane
Transport
User Plane
GTP-U
UDP
IP
AAL5
ATM
Physical Layer
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Iur interface Functions
Iur interface has the following functions:
Inter-RNC mobility management

SRNC relocation, inter-RNC cell and UTRAN registration area
update, inter-RNC paging, and protocol error report.
Dedicated channel data transmission

used to transmit dedicated channel data between two RNCs.
The specific functions of the transmission are:
Common channel data transmission

setup and release of the transmission connection needed in
common channel data stream transmission of the Iur interface,
Global resource management

transmission of inter-RNC cell measurement information,
transmission of inter-RNC Node B timing information.

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Iur Interface Stack Structure

Radio
Network
Layer
Transport
Network
Layer
Control Plane
User Plane
Iur
Str
RNSAP
Transport
User
Network
Plane
Transport Network
Control Plane
Data
eam(s)
Transport
User
Network
Plane
ALCAP Q.2630.1
STC Q.2150.1
SCCP
MTP3B
M3UA
MTP3B
M3UA
SSCF-NNI
SCTP
SCTP
SSCOP
IP
NN
SSCF-NNI
SSCF
I
SSCOP
AAL5
AAL5
IP
AAL2
ATM
Physical Layer
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RNSAP, Radio Network Subsystem

AP
RNSAP provides control signaling exchange over the Iur interface.
responsible for bearer management signaling between two RNCs.
SRNC utilized for setting up and controlling radio links using dedicated resources in
DRNCs.
One signaling connection per DRNC.

Transfers
Radio and mobility control signaling including measurement information needed for
handovers, synchronizations and radio resource control between RNSs
Relays Iub/Iur DCH, DSCH, RACH/CPCH and FACH transport channel data streams.
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Iub interface Functions
Management of the Iub interface transmission resources.
Logic operation maintenance of Node B, including:

the cell configuration management
radio network performance measurement
resource event management
common transmission channel management
radio resource management
Transmission of application-related operation & maintenance information.
System information management.
Common channel traffic management, dedicated

management and shared channel management.
Timing and synchronization management, including:

node synchronization
channel
traffic
transmission channel synchronization between the RNC and Node B

and node synchronization between Node Bs
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Iub Interface Stack Structure

Radio Network
ControlPlane
CPCH FP
USCH FP
DSCH FP
PCH FP
FACH FP
RACH FP
Node B
Application Part
(NBAP)
User Plane
DCH FP
Radio
Networ
Layer
k
Transport
Network
ControlPlane
ALCAP
Q.2630.1
Transport
Layer
Q.2150.2
SSCF-UNI
SSCF-UNI
SSCOP
SSCOP
AAL Type 5
AAL Type 5
AAL Type 2
ATM
Physical Layer
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NBAP, Node-B Application Part
NBAP provides control signaling exchange over the Iub

interface between base station and its controlling RNC.
All Resources of a base station are controlled by its controlling

RNC. Hence, all the physical resources of a Node-B appear as
logical resources for RNC through Iub interface.
Several signaling links over the Iub interface can be related
to a dedicated NBAP.
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NBAP, Node-B Application Part
Common NBAP procedures are related to the whole cell:

O&M actions (Cell configuration)
Broadcast channels (Common signaling)
Random access channels
Setting up new dedicated link
Handling of cell-wise measurements
Error recovery
Dedicated NBAP procedures are related to one specific UE:

Radio link management of dedicated and shared channels
Softer combining (Combining the signals received from different
sectors of the cell)
Link measurements
Downlink power control activities.
Link fault recovery
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Uu Interface Stack Structure

G
C
N
t
D
C
Duplication
avoidance
D
N
C
t
G
C
C-plane
signalling
L3
control
Radio
Bearers
control
contro
control
RRC
control
UuS
boundary
U-plane
information
PDCP
PDCP
L2/PDCP
BMC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
RLC
L2/
BMC
L2/RLC
Logical
Channels
MAC
L2/MAC
Transport
Channels
PHY
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L1
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Uu Interface Stack Structure(1)
Physical Layer Protocol

provides the MAC sublayer with transmission channel services.
MAC Protocol (Media Access Control)

provides the RLC sublayer with logic channel services.
RLC Protocol (Radio Link Control)

on the control plane, provides the RRC sublayer with signaling radio
bearer services.
on the user plane, provides service radio bearer services together with
the PDCP sublayer.
PDCP (Packet data convergence protocol)

adapt different types of network layer protocols to the radio interface.
only exists in the packet domain
BMC (Broadcast main control)

transfer broadcast and multicast information over the radio interface.
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Uu Interface Stack Structure(2)
RRC (Radio resource control)

provide services for the non-access layer, for example, transmitting messages like
call control, session management and mobility management at the control
interface after encapsulating them.
provides control and management the protocol at each lower layer.
setup, maintenance and release of an RRC connection between UE and UTRAN
setup, reconfiguration and release of radio bearer
distribution, reconfiguration and release of radio resources used in the RRC
connection
RRC connections mobility function management
routing for the higher-layer PDU
request for QoS control
UE measurement report and report control,
outer loop power control, ciphering control, paging
initial cell selection and reselection in the idle mode
RRC message completeness protection.
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Appendix
Abbreviation
Full Name
SCCP
Signaling connection control protocol
MTP3B
Broadband message transfer protocol
SSCF-NNI
Service specific coordination function for support of signaling

at the network node interface
SSCF-UNI
Service specific coordination function for support of signaling

at the user network interface
SSCOP
Service specific connection oriented protocol
Q.2630.1
AAL2 signaling control protocol
Q.2150.1
AAL2 signaling transport converter at NNI
M3UA
MTP3 user adaptation protocol
SCTP
Stream control transmission protocol
GTP-U
GPRS tunneling protocol user
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Agenda
ATM
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Basics
Network
Interfaces
Software
workflow
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Radio Network c-plane protocol

CN
RANAP
RNSAP
RRC
UE
RNC
RNC
NBAP
Node B
NBAP Node B Application Part
RANAP: Radio Access Network Application Part
RNSAP: Radio Network Subsystem Application Part
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RRC: Radio Resource Control
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UTRAN Control Plane Protocol Stack

UE
CC
RNC
NodeB
CN
CC
SM
MM/GMM
MM/GMM
RRC
RRC
RLC
RLC
MAC
NBAP
L1
L1
Uu
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SM
NBAP
MAC
Transport
Layer
RANAP
RANAP
Transport
Layer
Transport
Layer
Transport Layer
Iub
Iu
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UTRAN User Plane Protocol Stack

UE
RNC
NodeB
CN
Iu UP
User data
PDCP
PDCP
RLC
RLC
MAC
MAC
L1
L1
FP
Iu UP
Transport
Layer
Transport
Layer
FP
Transport Layer Transport Layer
Uu
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Iub
Iu
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Basic Conception (1)
RRC (Radio Resource Control)

provides information transfer service to the NAS (Non Access
Stratum).
responsible for controlling the configuration of UMTS radio interface
Layers 1 and 2.
RRC Connection
A point to point bi directional connection between the RRC (Radio
Resource Control) entities on the UE (User Equipment) and
UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network).
The UE requires an RRC connection to access the services of the
UMTS network.
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RAB -Radio Access Bearer

identify the service the AS (Access Stratum) provides
to the NAS (Non Access Stratum) for transfer of user
data between the UE (User Equipment) and the CN
(Core Network).
RB -Radio Bearer
The service provided by the Layer 2 for the transfer of
user data between UE (User Equipment) and UTRAN
(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network).
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RL (Radio Link)
RL is a logical association between single UE (User
Equipment) and a single UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial
Radio Access Network) access point.
Its physical realization comprises one or more radio
bearer transmissions.
It is possible for a UMTS mobile to have many radio
links established, when this occurs the mobile is said to
be in a soft handover.
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RRC setup
UE
RRC
Node B
RNC
1.CCCH: RRC Connection Request
RRC
Allocate RNTSelect L1
and L2 parameters
2.Radio Link Setup Request
NBAP
NBAP
Start RX
3.Radio Link Setup Response
NBAP
NBAP
ALCAP Iub Data Transport Bearer Setup

DCH-FP
4.Downlink Synchronisation
DCH-FP
5.Uplink Synchronisation
DCH-FP
DCH-FP
Start TX
RRC
RRC
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6.CCCH: : RRC Connection Setup

7.DCCH: : RRC Connection Setup Complete
RRC
RRC
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RAB setup
UE
Node B
SRNC
CN
RAB ASSIGNMENT REQUEST

ALCAP setup
RL CONFIG PRE
RL CONFIG READY
ALCAP setup, synchronization
RL CONFIG COMMIT
RRC RB SETUP
RRC RB SETUP COMPLETE
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RAB ASSIGNMENT RESPONSE
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Call Setup Flow

UE
Node B
CN
RNC
Paging (RANAP)
Paging (RRC)
RRC connection setup request
RRC connection setup
NAS message interaction (service request)

RL setup request
RAB assignment request
RL setup response
RB setup
RB setup completion
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RAB assignment response
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Call Setup Flow 1
The flow is as follows:

The CN initiates a paging message to the RNC according to information like the
location of the called UE.
The RNC judges the paging message from the CN and then sends a paging message
to the corresponding UE.
If no RRC connection is available before the service starts, the UE will send a RRC
connection setup request message (RRC Connection Request) to the RNC to request
setup of a RRC connection.
The RNC determines to set up a RRC connection according to the setup reason and
the system resource occupation. After allocating RNTI and resources related to L1 and
L2, it sends a RRC connection setup message (RRC Connection Setup) to the UE.
After signaling connection setup, the higher layer of the UE (NAS) sends a service
request message to the CN through a directly transmitted message.
The CN sends a RAB assignment message (RAB Assignment Request) to the RNC.
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Call Setup Flow 2
According to the parameters carried in the RAB assignment message sent from
the CN, the RNC sends a radio link setup message (Radio Link Setup Request) to
an appropriate Node B.
After allocating the corresponding resources, the corresponding Node B sends a
radio link setup response (Radio Link Setup Response) to the RNC to notify the
RNC of the information that the radio link setup has been finished.
The RNC sends a radio bearer setup message (Radio Bearer Setup) to the UE.
After executing RB setup, the UE sends a radio bearer setup completion message
(Radio Bearer Setup Complete) to the RNC.
After receiving the RB setup completion message, the RNC sends a RAB
assignment response message (RAB Assignment Response) to the CN to end the
RAB setup flow. Up to now, the entire call process is finished.
Note: No paging process is involved for call setup requests actively initiated by
UEs. In such cases, the call process will directly start from Step 3.
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Soft Handover Flow

NodeB
DRNS)
Measurement
report
UE
NodeB
(SRNS)
RL setup request
RL setup response
DRNC
SRNC
RL creation request
RL setup response
Active set update command

Active set update completion
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RL release request
RL release
completion
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Hard Handover Flow

UE
Target Node
B
Original
NodeB
SRNC
Measurement report
RL setup request
RL setup response
Reconfiguration command
Reconfiguration completion
RL deletion request
RL deletion response
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Call setup flow (1)
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Call setup flow (2)
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Call setup flow (3)
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Call setup flow (4)
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Call setup flow (5)
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Call setup flow (6)
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Thanks for your

Attention!
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WR_005_E1

Call and Signaling Process

Interfaces and protocols

ATM basic knowledge

ATM protocol reference model

Higher layer protocol

AAL adaptation layer

Layer m an agem ent

Higher layer protocol

ATM cell layer

ATM protocol reference model(1)

ATM protocol reference model consists of three planes:

ATM protocol reference model(2)

The ATM protocol reference model consists of four layers:

ATM adaptation layer

Comparison between VCC and VPC

The connection-oriented mode is adopted in ATM.

ATM connection, that is, end-to-end transfer capability

ATM Adaptation layer

AAL between ATM layer and high-layer applications

implements the service functions needed by the high layer

Timing between source

Efficient Data traffic transmitting adaptation

Universal Model of the UTRAN Interface:

According to different connected entities, the Iu

interface can be divided into three types:

Core Network (CN)

Iu-CS Interface Stack Structure

Iu-PS Interface Stack Structure

Iur interface Functions

Iur interface has the following functions:

Inter-RNC mobility management

Dedicated channel data transmission

Common channel data transmission

Global resource management

transmission of inter-RNC Node B timing information.

Iur Interface Stack Structure

RNSAP, Radio Network Subsystem

RNSAP provides control signaling exchange over the Iur interface.

responsible for bearer management signaling between two RNCs.

One signaling connection per DRNC.

Iub interface Functions

Management of the Iub interface transmission resources.

Logic operation maintenance of Node B, including:

Transmission of application-related operation & maintenance information.

System information management.

Common channel traffic management, dedicated

Timing and synchronization management, including:

transmission channel synchronization between the RNC and Node B

Iub Interface Stack Structure

NBAP, Node-B Application Part

NBAP provides control signaling exchange over the Iub

All Resources of a base station are controlled by its controlling

NBAP, Node-B Application Part

Common NBAP procedures are related to the whole cell:

Dedicated NBAP procedures are related to one specific UE:

Uu Interface Stack Structure

Uu Interface Stack Structure(1)

Physical Layer Protocol

MAC Protocol (Media Access Control)

RLC Protocol (Radio Link Control)

PDCP (Packet data convergence protocol)

BMC (Broadcast main control)