Lecture 4

Verb Formation
The Passive
The Imperative

Miss Fakhirah

Verb Formation
-Irregular Verb
-Used to
Adverbs
- Present simple and Past Simple
The Imperative

Verb Formation

Verb Formation: Irregular Verbs

Most verbs have past tense and past participle in ed
(worked, played, listened).

Irregular verbs are listed in three different columns:

Infinitive

Past Simple

Past Participle

be
have
go

was
had
went

been
had
gone

But many of the most frequent verbs are irregular.

See the list attached.

Verb Formation : Used to

To indicate something that happened regularly in the
past but doesnt happen now.
used to

+ infinitive

used to

live here.
swim.

She
I

The negative form is didnt use to + infinitive

She didnt use to swim.
The question form is did + subject + use to+ infinitive
Did you use to live here?

The Passive
Present Simple
Past Simple

The Passive
Sentences can be active or passive.
Therefore, tenses also have "active forms" and
"passive forms.
The passive is used to describe actions:

dont know who does or did the action

E.g. My briefcase was stolen last night.
(I dont know who stole it.)
E.g. The cars are taken to Europe every week.
(It doesnt matter who makes them.)

Noun/Pronoun + to be + past participle

Someone washes the car every week
E.g. The car is washed every week.
They make these televisions in Japan.
E.g. These televisions are made in Japan.
Someone painted the house last week.
E.g. The house was painted last week.
They taught the children to be polite.
E.g. The children were taught to be polite.

The Imperative

The Imperative
used to:
Give orders and instruction
Stop!
Wait!
Dont go!
Turn left and then turn right.
The negative form: just add dont
Dont wait!
Dont stop!

Do exercise on page 67, 68 (Verb Formation)

page 75, 76 (Used to)
page 71-74 (The Passive)
page 78 (The Imperative)