Energy Efficiency

Changing the Impact of Energy Usage

What Is Energy Efficiency?

Websters defines efficiency as :
The quality or degree of being productive without
waste

When we talk about energy efficiency, we talk

about improving the efficiency of the energy we
use
The common theme amongst energy experts:
Reducing energy or demand requirements without
reducing the end-use benefits.

Conservation Made Simple

If ydont need it,

turn the durn
thing off.
Fred Tuttle

What Do We Use Energy for?

Light

Electricity
Heat

Energy is used to do work

Fuel

Efficient Pollution
The efficient level of pollution is that which balances the costs
imposed by pollution against the benefits derived from the activity
which produces the emissions.
MD=Environmental Damage= Costs of Pollution
MAC= Abatement Cost= benefits when waste is
reduced
Pollution costs:
Abating Costs:
Human health
Reducing Emissions
Amenity costs
Waste-reducing measures
Materials damage
Ex: employing less polluting
Biological
technologies
+ all other costs

MD is zero at levels of waste below

assimilative
Capacity.
This graph represents a balance between two
extreme possibilities, one that pays no attention
to environmental damage e_, and one which
pays no attention to the costs involved with said
valued activity, which produces emissions, eA.

Economic Policy on Efficiency

MSC(z) = MSB(z*)
MSC= Marginal Social Cost
MSB= Marginal Social Benefit
Z= Resource to be allocated
This condition states that we should
allocate resources in such a way that
the marginal cost of any reallocation are
equated
This is our efficiency condition.

MSB schedule represents the benefit

associated with devoting resources to a
particular activity z. This slope is negative,
reflecting diminishing marginal benefit from
activity z.
The MSC schedule represents the cost of
devoting resources to that activity. The
positive slope of the MSC reflects an
increasing cost of taking resources away
from some alternate activity.
Assume z<z*. A small increase to z will
yield a benefit equal to MSB(z*). This
would equal the cost to MSC(z)<MSB(z*).
If we choose a level of activity z>z*, a
reduction in z will mean a reduced benefit
equal to MSB(z). An even larger reduction
in cost will equal MSC(z)>MSB(z).
Thus, making z* efficient.

Current Federal EnergyEfficiency Related Policies

National Energy Policy
The Office of Energy
Efficiency and Renewable
Energy
Energy Star Program
The Weatherization
Assistance Program

National Energy Policy

"America must have an
energy policy that plans
for the future, but meets
the needs of today. I
believe we can develop
our natural resources
and protect our
environment.
President George W. Bush

Office of Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy
Bringing you a prosperous future where energy is clean, abundant,
reliable, and affordable.
Mission:
strengthen America's energy security, environmental quality, and
economic vitality in public-private partnerships that: enhance energy
efficiency and productivity,
bring clean, reliable and affordable energy technologies to the
marketplace,
enhance the energy choices and quality of life of Americans

The office is responsible for the governments research,

development, and deployment efforts in energy efficiency.

Energy Star Program

In 1992 the EPA introduced

the Energy Star as a
voluntary labeling program
designed to identify and
promote energy-efficient
products.
Computers and monitors
were the first labeled
products.

Energy Star Contd

1995 the EPA expanded the label to

additional office equipment products and
residential heating and cooling equipment.
1996 the EPA partnered with the U.S.
Department of Energy.
2001 Energy Star crosses the border into
Canada.
By 2003 almost 1400 buildings have earned
the Energy Star for superior energy
performance.

Weatherization Assistance Program

Programs goal is to allow lowincome families to permanently
reduce their energy bills by
making their homes more
energy efficient.
On average, weatherization
reduces heating bills by 31%
and overall energy bills by $218
per year.
In 2004, their goal is to
weatherize 94,450 homes.

Earth Day 2004

Smart energy, choices for the
future. DOEs theme for Earth
Day 2004.
DOE is promoting a message
which highlights renewable
energy and smart energy
choices as a way to expand our
nation's energy supply, create a
healthier environment, and
increase national security.
www.energyhog.org

Energy Smart America 2004

p:/www.energysmartamerica.org/
May 11-14 in Minneapolis, MN.
Hosted by the U.S. Department of Energy.
The goal of this project is to is to advance state
and community energy-saving efforts and
deployment of sustainable energy solutions.

California Sues National Govt

CA, along with NY, CT, and various environmental groups
are filing a lawsuit against the Bush administration
because they have called for the DOE to postpone the
implementation of high energy efficiency requirements for
central air conditioners.
The DEO announced it would propose a significantly
weaker energy efficiency standard. Under the Bush
administration's lower efficiency target, energy and cost
savings and pollution reductions would be one-third less
than the standard that was to take effect already this year.

 California Attorney General Bill Lockyer, "Instead of helping,

the Bush Administration is making it harder for California in
the current energy crisis by ignoring or trying to eliminate
the toughened efficiency standards for residential air
conditioners.
New York Attorney General Eliot Spitzer added: "This is a
time when the federal government should be doing
everything possible to encourage the efficient use of
energy. Instead, the Bush administration has abandoned
one of the most effective ways to conserve energy.

Home Energy Audit

Available from Efficiency Vermont, or your utility
company
Inputs data from utility bills, house design,household
appliance make-up, and occupants habits
Compares to similar homes in area
Identifies potential problem areas
Offers tips to help reduce usage
Suggests energy efficient products

Typical Energy Efficiency

Approaches

Energy Bills in Burlington

Energy Bill for Houses in South Burlington, Vermont
Based on the zip code you entered, here is a comparison of the energy costs
of an average home and an energy-efficient home in your area.
Potential
Savings
$1070

Average House - $2201

Efficient House - $1131
Heating

Cooling

Water Heating

Major Appliances

Lighting

Small Appliances

See greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption

Whole
House

Heating

Cooling
Hot
Water
Major
Appliances

Lighting

Misc.

$
Energy

Base Case
$2211
6112 kWh & 1084 gal. Oil

Pollution
$
Energy

29757 lb. CO2

$1234
879 kWh & 851 gal. Oil

Pollution
$
Energy
Pollution
$
Energy
Pollution
$
Energy

19808 lb. CO2

$10
75 kWh
68 lb. CO2
$307
233 gal. Oil
5205 lb. CO2
$345
2696 kWh &
0 Gallons of oil
2444 lb. CO2
$113
879 kWh
797 lb. CO2
$203
1583 kWh
1435 lb. CO2

Pollution
$
Energy
Pollution
$
Energy
Pollution

Energy Efficient House

$1131
4099 kWh &
430 gal. of Oil
13331 lb. CO2
$495
324 kWh &
313 gallons
7289 lb. CO2
$0
0 kWh
0 lb. CO2
$154
117 gallons
2619 lb. CO2
$224
1753 kWh
1589 lb. CO2
$56
440 kWh
399 lb. CO2
$202
1583 kWh
1435 lb. CO2

Not Using It? Unplug It.

Small appliances and home office equipment use
power even when they're off. That's why the
average US household pays for 50 watts,
constantly, that isn't needed.
Even fully charged rechargeable equipment draws
electricity when plugged in.
Plug TVs, VCRs, fax machines, computers,
printers, etc. into a power strip and just turn it off.

Energy in Computers

Computers and other electronic office

equipment represent the fastestgrowing electrical load

Desktop computers use 80160

watts of electricity
Laptop models typically use a
maximum of 15 watts
Designed for long battery life

A 1993 study by the Land Institute

estimates that it takes up to 4,000
kilowatt-hoursnearly half the
average American households
annual consumption of electricityto
manufacture a PC and monitor

Take a Nap
If all 8,000 computer
monitors on the UVM
campus used Sleep Mode
the University could save
1.6 million kWh every year.
That is equal to saving
64,000 gallons of gasoline
and $160,000 in energy
costs.

Change a Light
ENERGY STAR program instituted in Fall 2003
Encourages all Americans to change out the 5
fixtures or light bulbs they use most at home to
ENERGY STAR qualified lighting
Would result in $6 billion in energy savings
Equal to one trillion pounds of greenhouse gases
not in the air
Energy savings equivalent to output of 21 power
plants

Change the World

Efficiency Vermont recognized
for implementing the program by
giving all residents of Poultney
Village an efficient light bulb and
promoting to change it
More than 4,500 incandescent
light bulbs were replaced
Just one bulb replaced per
American household would be
the same as removing one
million cars from the road

What Does One Light Bulb

Mean?
Lets say my bathroom light is on for an average of four
hours a day.
Two of the four hours there is no one in the bathroom
using the lightmy roommate never turns it off!
2 hours x 365 days x .12 dollars per kWh x light bulb
wattage (kW)=
60 watt incandescent = $5.26 year
13 watt CFL = $1.14 year

This is a savings of $4.12 for the year, just for the time no
one is actually using the light. Another $1.14 and 9.5 kW
could be saved if he learned to turn it off

UVMs Energy Breakdown

Electricity Use

Energy Use

UVMs Efficiency Impact

Energy Efficiency measures in the 1990s in
partnership with Burlington Electric Department
(BED) resulted in:
Avoidance of 16 GWh of electricity ($1.6 million) in
2002
Reduction of 6,700 tons of carbon dioxide emissions
(equal to 15,000 cars off the road)
Reduction of 36 tons of sulfur dioxide
Reduction of 12 tons of nitrogen oxides

Efficiency or Conservation?

More bang for your buck.

OR
Turn it off

Meeting Our Energy Needs

What to do?
Produce more
Use it more efficiently
Use less

Why Focus on Electricity?

Fuel Oil
$.08

Natural Gas
$.09

Other
$.02

Electricity

$.81

Energy Costs for Commercial Buildings in New England

Source: Energy Information Agency

Every kilowatt of electricity used requires generation that

dumps 1.17 pounds of CO2 into our air. (EPA)

Golden Kilawatt Partnership

Started by Paul Grover, of Shelburne, VT
Basic Idea: turn off lights not needed in the
workplace
Conservation of 30-45% of electricity bill
Return on investment within 3 months
Typical Business:
Chittenden County
Electricity bill greater than $30,000/yr
Top management committed

Energy Efficiency Resources

www.doe.gov
www.eere.energy.gov
www.energystar.gov
www.efficiencyvermont.com
www.hes.lbl.gov
Your local utility company:
www.greenmountainpower.com
www.burlingtonelectric.com