2016 Wnfa vlcv3

Mobile and Vehicular Network Lab
2016 WNFA LAB1

VLC:CamCom
Chung-Lin Chan
2016.3.11
Outline
Intro
Implementation
Transmitter
Receiver
Grading Criteria
Intro
Intro
The term VLC is from

Visible Light Communication
A kind of wireless network using visible li
ght to transmit
Apply field: vehicle network, Indoor positi
oning
: Im
here!
Intro
The term CamCom is from

Camera Communication
Using a camera sensor for VLC
In Lab1, we ask you to implement a VLC s
ystem applying LED as Transmitter, and
Mobile phones camera as Receiver
Implementation
-Transmitter
Implementation-Tx
Tx: Zigduino board + LED Light

Equipment List:
Zigduino x 1
3-color LED x 2
250 resistor x
6
x 1
x n
Implementation-Tx

Zigduino installation guide:
https://www.csie.ntu.edu.tw/~hsinmu/courses/_media
/wn_16spring/2016_zigduino_arduino_installationguide.pd
f
Use Arduino to
program your
zigduino board!
Implementation-Tx
Our First Zigduino Program (Blink.ino)

// Pin 13 has an LED connected on most Arduino boards.
int led = 13;
// the setup routine runs once when you press reset:
void setup() {
// initialize the digital pin as an output.
pinMode(led, OUTPUT);
}
// the loop routine runs over and over again forever:
void loop() {
digitalWrite(led, HIGH); // turn the LED on (HIGH is the voltage level)
delay(1000);
// wait for a second
digitalWrite(led, LOW); // turn the LED off by making the voltage LOW
delay(1000);
// wait for a second
}
Implementation-Tx
VLC Inspiration
Computers know but we dont!!
Implementation-Tx
Global Shutter(G) & Rolling Shutter(R)

G: Whole frame shot simultaneously
R: Every row shot in different times (CMOS)
Get stripes when

flicker LED meet
rolling shutter
camera
Implementation-Tx
Still a little confused to Rolling shutter?

Herere some examples
Implementation-Tx
message => bytes => behavior

of LEDs
Read from
Zigduino
monitor
Zigduino
You can use anything to represent bits:

color, frequency, luminance, waveform, duplication,
......
Dont forget the low sampling rate of camera (30fps)
Get extra score if people cannot notice the beha

vior of LEDs
Range your score with data rate
Implementation-Tx
CTC Mode
Clear Timer on Compare (timer == OCRnA)
Generate accurate square waves
all done by hardware, wont affected by interrupt
Can simultaneously use all 3 timers easily.
Set the corresponding bits in TCCRnX(n=1,2,3 X=A,B) registers

for
mode selection and timer prescaler
Set OCRnX forfrequency(OCRnA)ordelay(OCRnB,OCRnC)
Frequency = 16M / prescaler / OCRnA / 2
Additional support : interrupt handler (see document)
Implementation-Tx
void setup() {
// use Timer1, set control registers here
pinMode(11, OUTPUT);
pinMode(10, OUTPUT);
pinMode(9, OUTPUT);
TCCR1A = _BV(COM1A0) | _BV(COM1B0) | _BV(COM1C0);
TCCR1B = _BV(WGM12) | _BV(CS12) | _BV(CS10);
Timer
OCR1A = 32767;
101 => 5 =>
n
OCR1B = 16383;
prescaler
1024
OCR1C = 8191;
}
void loop(){
// change OCRnX values to manipulate frequency
OCR1A = 32767, OCR1B = 16383, OCR1C = 8191;
delay(10000); // this may not be so accurate
OCR1A = 16383,OCR1B = 8191,OCR1C = 4095;
delay(10000);
}
Implementation-Tx
Some register definition
Implementation-Tx
CTC Mode
Timer
name
Timer1
Timer3
Timer2
Size of
registe
rs
Prescale
r
Output pin name

<-> pin in
Zigduino
16-bit
WGM = 4
COM1A/B/C = 1
CS = 1/2/3/4/5
1 / 8 / 64/
256 /
1024
OC1A <-> pin11

OC1B <-> pin10
OC1C <-> pin9
(pin11 need a
jumper)
16-bit
WGM = 4
COM3A/B/C = 1
CS = 1/2/3/4/5
1 / 8 / 64/
256 /
1024
OC3A <-> pin5

OC3B <-> pin6
OC3C <-> pin3
8-bit
WGM = 2
COM2A = 1
CS = 1~7
1/8/32/64
/128/256/
1024
OC2A <-> pin8
Control value
(fill TCCRnX)
For more details

http://www.atmel.com/Images/doc8266.pdf (register definition)
https://static.squarespace.com/static/511f4f0de4b09463c7605
f13/t/5275c478e4b07e72f74c7442/1383449720133/zigduino-v6cschematic.pdf
Implementation-Tx
CSnX
n:timer n
X: 2 X 1
1/8/64/256/1024
1/2/3/4/50001/0010/0011/0100/0101
Ex. timer 3 n=3CS3X
prescaler=102450101 2 0 1
_BV(CS32) | _BV(CS30)
Implementation-Tx
PWM Mode(with OCRnA top)

Pulse-width modulation
Can be used to control duty cycle
http://arduino.cc/en/Tutorial/SecretsOfArduinoPWM(
pins are different )
Differences in luminance and ratio of light/dark stripe
width
Implementation-Tx
PWM Mode(with OCRnA top)

OCRnA define frequency
OCRnB define duty cycle
pinMode(6, OUTPUT);
TCCR3A = _BV(COM3B1) | _BV(WGM31) | _BV(WGM30);
TCCR3B = _BV(WGM32) | _BV(WGM33) | _BV(CS32) |
_BV(CS30);
OCR3A = 8191;
OCR3B = 2047; // 25% duty cycle
Implementation-Tx
Serial Monitor text I/O

Input your message here!
Implementation
-Receiver
Implementation-Rx
Rx Devices: Mobile phones camera
Notice: 30fps
Implementation-Rx
Rx Pseudo code
for all images
{
read image;
find bounding box // where are the stripes
calculate row power
count stripes to get freq. // through DIP or FFT
get output bit by freq.
Implementation-Rx
Video ( -> image ) -> get behavior of LEDs

-> bytes
-> message
Video to image:
ffmpeg i input.avi ouput%d.jpg
(supported by windows, linux, and OS X)
Counting Stripes : need some DIP

find LED position, image diff, color histogram, edge de
tection, Fourier transform, auto-correlation,
3 decode basic ways : DIP, FFT, auto-correlation
Grading Criteria
Grading Criteria
Grade
Tx : Transmit Message
20% Workable
10% No awareness
10% Data rate (Compete ranking as 0~10 credits)
Rx : Video/Image Decode
20% Workable
10% Message Accuracy
Report : describe what team members have done(in

detail), and problems encountered ( also, how you sol
ved it ? ) (20%)
Bonus: real time... (5%)
Grading Criteria
Deadline: 4/6(Wed.) 23:59 email to wn@csie.ntu.edu.t

w
Email subject:[WN]lab1_teamXX
[WN]lab1_teamXX.zip
source code(tx + rx)
Report(.pdf)
Demo-4/6(Wed.)
Please register the demo slot. And come to CSIE R424
at that time. (TBA)
All you should do are :
1. Transmit the character string given by TA
2. Record the videos
3. Decode and get the message

90% Lab (
)
10%

-2.5 ~ 2.5
0 (ex 0.25/0.25/-0.25/-0.25)

Report
Contact to TAs :
facebook https://www.facebook.com/groups/
wn15spring/
Email : wn@csie.ntu.edu.tw
Office hour : Tue. 13:20~14:10/TBA
@ CSIE R424
Q&A

2016 Wnfa vlcv3

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Mobile and Vehicular Network Lab

2016 WNFA LAB1

Mobile and Vehicular Network Lab

The term VLC is from

The term CamCom is from

Mobile and Vehicular Network Lab

Tx: Zigduino board + LED Light

Our First Zigduino Program (Blink.ino)

Global Shutter(G) & Rolling Shutter(R)

Get stripes when

Still a little confused to Rolling shutter?

message => bytes => behavior

You can use anything to represent bits:

Get extra score if people cannot notice the beha

Set the corresponding bits in TCCRnX(n=1,2,3 X=A,B) registers

Some register definition

Output pin name

OC1A <-> pin11

OC3A <-> pin5

OC2A <-> pin8

For more details

PWM Mode(with OCRnA top)

PWM Mode(with OCRnA top)

Serial Monitor text I/O

Mobile and Vehicular Network Lab

Rx Devices: Mobile phones camera

Video ( -> image ) -> get behavior of LEDs

Counting Stripes : need some DIP

3 decode basic ways : DIP, FFT, auto-correlation

Mobile and Vehicular Network Lab

Report : describe what team members have done(in

Deadline: 4/6(Wed.) 23:59 email to wn@csie.ntu.edu.t

Mobile and Vehicular Network Lab

Mobile and Vehicular Network Lab

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