SODIUM SILICATE AS A SOLID BASE

CATALYST
1,2
1
1
Indra
Perdana*,
Nunik Nugrahanti,
Sofiah, 1I Made
Bendiyasa
FROM
DIENGS
GEOTHERMAL
SLUDGE
Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada
2
Geothermal Research Center, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Gadjah Mada
Jl. Grafika 2, Bulaksumur, Yogyakarta 55281, INDONESIA
*Corresponding author: iperdana@chemeng.ugm.ac.id

Introduction
Introduction

Methods
Methods

Production of biodiesel with use of

Geothermal Sludge Preparation
Production of biodiesel with use of
homogeneous
catalyst
is
already
wellhomogeneous
catalyst
is
already welldeveloped. However, it leads to high
developed. However, it leads to high
without Silica Extraction and
with Silica Extraction and
production cost due to complex separation.
production cost due to complex separation.
Gelation
Gelation
With the use of solid catalyst, separation cost
With the use of solid catalyst, separation cost
can be reduced.
can be reduced.
Sodium silicates have been attractive due
Sodium Silicate Catalyst Formation
Sodium silicates have been attractive due
their activity as a heterogeneous base catalyst
their activity as a heterogeneous base catalyst
in biodiesel synthesis. It leads to high
in biodiesel synthesis. It leads to high
conversion of biodiesel when used in several
Transesterification
conversion of biodiesel when used in several
transesterification.
transesterification.
Indonesia has a large amount of geothermal
Indonesia has a large amount of geothermal
energy resources. However, geothermal fluids
Iodometric Analysis
energy resources. However, geothermal fluids
often contains various minerals, including
often contains various minerals, including
silica. Though the silica deposition can lead to
silica. Though the silica deposition can lead to
the disturbances of power generation, the
the
disturbances of
powerthe
generation,
the
Objectives:
to
study
effectivity
of sodium silicate catalyst synthesized from geothermal sludge in
amorphous
silica
can
be
utilized
for
other
Objectives:
study
effectivity
of sodium silicate catalyst synthesized from geothermal sludge in
amorphous silica to
can
be the
utilized
for other
beneficial purpose, such as sodium silicatebiodiesel synthesis
beneficial purpose, such as sodium silicatebiodiesel synthesis
catalyst.
catalyst.

Results
Results

Si-O-Na

Si-O-Na

Si-O-Si

Si-O-Si

Figure 1. FTIR spectra from sodium

silicates prepared with silica extraction and
gelation method

Si-O-Na

Figure 2. FTIR spectra from sodium

silicates prepared without silica extraction
and gelation method

Type of Catalyst

Si-O-Si

Figure 3. FTIR spectra from sodium

silicates prepared from commercial silica
gel

Conversion, % Relative Conversion,

%

NaOH

71.61

100

Na-silicates prepared from commercial silica gel

66.82

93.91

Na-silicates with silica extraction and gelation method

43.69

61.01

Na-silicates without silica extraction and gelation method

54.92

76.70

Conclusion:The
The sodium silicates prepared from the sludge without silica extraction step shows
Conclusion:
sodium silicates prepared from the sludge without silica extraction step shows

higher activity in transesterification of corn oil than that prepared through silica extraction and gelation
higher activity in transesterification of corn oil than that prepared through silica extraction and gelation
step
step

References
References
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Chendrika, L., 2013, Pengaruh Suhu dan laju Kenaikan Suhu Kalsinasi Terhadap Karakteristik Natrium Silikat sebagai Katalisator Basa
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Padat, Thesis Program Studi Teknik Kimia, Magister Teknik Proses, UGM
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Acknowledgement:

Geo Dipa Energi (Persero)

Directorate General of Higher Education through PUPT Research Grant
UGM-NZ Aid CaRED Project for facilitating geothermal related research activities