Energy Sources

Recap
(of previous class)

Prerequisite Knowledge
Formation of fossil fuels like coal,
petroleum & diesel
Commercialization of renewable energy

General Objective
Students will be able to understand the importance of
renewable and non-renewable energy resources

Specific Objectives
Recall the difference between renewable & nonrenewable energy resources
(S&T)
Illustrate the usage of non-renewable energy
resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas
and nuclear energy (S&M)
Assess the depletion risk of non-renewable
energy resources and need for renewable energy
resources
(S&M)
Demonstrate the process of harvesting solar and
wind energy
(S,E&T)
Outline the methods of harvesting tidal,

Energy Resources
A natural resource that can be converted by humans
into forms of energy in order to do useful work.

Growing Energy Needs

Development in different sectors need energy
Shifting to a luxurious life style
we need energy for
Agriculture needs
Mining
Transportation

Lighting

Cooling and heating in building

Population explosion

TYPES OF SOURCES

RENEWABLE: Can Be Regenerated In A Short

Period Of Time Or Is Basically Unlimited
Ex: Solar, Wind, Tidal, GTE, Hydropower etc.,
NON-RENEWABLE: Cant Be Replaced In A Short
Amount Of Time And Is Limited
Ex: Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas, Nuclear fuels etc.,

General Objective
Students will be able to understand the importance of
renewable and non-renewable energy resources

Specific Objectives
Recall the difference between renewable & nonrenewable energy resources
(S&T)

NON-RENEWABLE RESOURCES

Non-renewable resources which have accumulated

in nature over a long span of time and cannot be
quickly regenerated when exhausted.
Ex: Coal, Petroleum, Natural gas and Nuclear fuels

COAL, PETROLEUM AND NATURAL GAS (+

LPG)

Coal:
Formed by decomposition
Three types of coal,

1.
&
2.
3.

Anthracite (Hard coal) 90% C

8700 kcal/kg.
Bituminous (Soft coal) 80% C
Lignite (Brown coal) 70% C

Burning coal CO2 releases Global

warming
And also oxides of sulphur and
nitrogen.

HOW IS COAL MADE ???

PETROLEUM
Crude petroleum Mix. Of alkane
hydrocarbons
It burns completely
Easy to transport and use than F.F.
Purified & Refined Distillation

1.

Petroleum
2. Kerosene
3. Petrol
4. Diesel
5. Lubricant oil
6.Paraffin wax, tar, plastic etc.,

LPG AND NATURAL GAS (+ CNG & SNG)

LPG
Mainly butane (+ propane & ethane)
It is odorless
Ethyl mercaptan for foul smelling
NATURAL GAS (Cleanest Fossil fuel)
Formed by dead animals & plants
95% methane (+ ethane & propane)
Calorific value of 50 KJ/G & no smoke
Used as
Domestic & Industrial fuel
Fuel in thermal power plants for generating electricity
Used as a source of hydrogen gas in fertilizer industry

HOW ARE OIL AND GAS

MADE ???

NUCLEAR ENERGY

Known for its high destructive power

It is a non-renewable resource
because once the uranium is used, it
is gone!

Generated by two types of reactions:

Nuclear fission: Nuclear change in which
nucleus of certain isotope with large
mass numbers are split into lighter
nuclei on bombardment by neutrons
and a large amount of energy is
released by a chain reaction.
Ex: Bombardment of U-235 by neutron

235
1
U
+
n

92
0

92
Kr
+
36

141
1
Ba
+
3
n
+ Energ
56
0

 The reactor uses Uranium rods as fuel, and the heat

is generated by nuclear fission.

Neutrons smash into the nucleus of the uranium

atoms, which split roughly in half and release energy

in the form of heat.

Nuclear fusion: Combining heavy

hydrogen isotopes into helium releases
the greatest amount of power.

Advantages to Using Nuclear Power

Nuclear power costs about the same as coal, so it's not
expensive to make.
Does not produce smoke or carbon dioxide, so it does not
contribute to the greenhouse effect.
Produces huge amounts of energy from small amounts of
fuel.

Disadvantages of Nuclear Power

Although not much waste is produced, it is very, very

dangerous.
It must be sealed up & buried for many years to allow
the radioactivity to die away.

General Objective
Students will be able to understand the importance of
renewable and non-renewable energy resources

Specific Objectives
Recall the difference between renewable & nonrenewable energy resources
(S&T)
Illustrate the usage of non-renewable energy
resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas
and nuclear energy (S&M)
Assess the depletion risk of non-renewable
energy resources and need for renewable energy
resources
(S&M)

RENEWABLE RESOURCES
Renewable
resources
are
natural resources that can be
generated continuously & are
inexhaustible.

Ex:
Wood Solar Geothermal
Wind Biomass Tidal
Biofuels
Biogas OTE
Hydrogen

SOLAR
Energy from the sun
(Ultimate source).
Nuclear fission occurring
inside sun releases
energy
Why is energy from the
sun renewable?

Some important solar energy harvesting devices

1. Solar heat collectors (Active in nature
Using stones, bricks, glass which absorb
heat at day & emits slowly at night.
2. Solar cells (Photovoltaic
cells/Semiconductors like Si or Ge)
3. Solar cookers (Using mirrors)
4. Solar water heaters (Using copper coils)
5. Solar furnace (using 1000s of mirrors in
concave reflectors & up to 3000C)
6. Solar power plant (Using concave
reflectors Boiling of water to get steam)

Solar cell

Solar cooker

Solar collector

Solar water heater

Solar power plant

Solar furnace

WIND

Energy from the wind.

Kinetic energy

Electrical energy
Large number of wind

mills in clusters Wind

Farms
Min. speed req. 15 km/hr
No air pollution
Kanyakumari 380 MW

General Objective
Students will be able to understand the importance of
renewable and non-renewable energy resources

Specific Objectives
Recall the difference between renewable & nonrenewable energy resources
(S&T)
Illustrate the usage of non-renewable energy
resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas
and nuclear energy (S&M)
assess the depletion risk of non-renewable
energy resources and need for renewable energy
resources
(S&M)
Demonstrate the process of harvesting solar and
wind energy
(S,E&T)

HYDROPOWER
Energy from the flow of

water.
Water is stored in dam &

allow to fall from a height

The turbine blades rotate

to generate electricity
Helps no pollution,

irrigation & navigation

India 4 x 1011 KW-hours

TIDAL ENERGY
Ocean tides produced by gravitational forces of sun and

moon contains lot of energy.

When the tide goes in and out, the water flows through

reservoir of barrage & runs the turbine.

Produces electricity by rotating the generators
Only around 20 sites in the world have been identified as

possible tidal power stations.

In India Gulf of Cambay, Gulf of Kutch & Sunderban deltas

are the tidal power sites.

Image of tidal barriage

Advantages to Tidal Power

Once you've built it, tidal power is
free.
It produces no greenhouse gases
or other waste.
It needs no fuel.
It produces electricity reliably.
Not expensive to maintain.
Tides are totally predictable.

GEOTHERMAL
Energy from the hot rocks
inside the earth
Since high T & high P
exists below the earth
surfaces
We can drill a hole up to the
rocks and by using pipes, to
get the steam to generate
electricity

Geothermal energy

Force of steam to spin

the turbine blades
producing electricity. But
with geothermal energy,
no fuels are burned.

General Objective
Students will be able to understand the importance of
renewable and non-renewable energy resources

Specific Objectives
Recall the difference between renewable & nonrenewable energy resources
(S&T)
Illustrate the usage of non-renewable energy
resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas
and nuclear energy (S&M)
assess the depletion risk of non-renewable
energy resources and need for renewable energy
resources
(S&M)
Demonstrate the process of harvesting solar and
wind energy
(S,E&T)
Outline the methods of harvesting tidal,

BIOGAS
Energy from burning

organic or living matter.

It is a mix. Of methane

(major), CO2, H2 & H2S

Produced by anaerobic

degradation of animal
wastes in presence of
water
Non-polluting, clean, low

cost

Image of Biogas plant

Biofuels

Biomass can be fermented to alcohols like

EtOH, MeOH used as fuel.

From carbohydrate rich sources like

sugarcane, corn & sorghum.
Clean & non-polluting
Less calorific value than petrol (so less heat)
Good substitute for kerosene & combustion
is as clean as LPG.
Ex: Gasohol (mixture of ethanol + gasoline)

General Objective
Students will be able to understand the importance of
renewable and non-renewable energy resources

Specific Objectives
Recall the difference between renewable & nonrenewable energy resources
(S&T)
Illustrate the usage of non-renewable energy
resources such as coal, petroleum, natural gas
and nuclear energy (S&M)
assess the depletion risk of non-renewable
energy resources and need for renewable energy
resources
(S&M)
Demonstrate the process of harvesting solar and
wind energy
(S,E&T)
Outline the methods of harvesting tidal,

Discussion

d
in p
M a
M

Renewable
and Nonrenewable
resources

Fossil
fuel
Nuclear
fuel

Primary
Energy
sources

Seconda
ry
energy
sources

Solar
energy

Energy
Resourc
es

Wind

Coal
burning

petro
l
Electrical
energy

Alternate
energy
sources
r,
e
w ,
po rgy
o
e
dr en
y
H lar .
So nd
wi

Summary

Stimulating questions
Ethanol production influences the petroleum
price. Give reasons.

Koodankulam project will affect the life of

fishermen or not? Justify.

Comment on Neutrino project.

Thank