Karakterisasi

Batubara

SIFAT FISIK
BATUBARA
Secara umum sifat
fisik batubara adalah :

berwarna coklat sampai hitam

berlapis menyerupai batuan sedimen
padat
mudah terbakar
kedap cahaya
non kristalin
berkilap kusam sampai cemerlang
berat jenis 1,25 1,70
kekerasan 0,5 2,5
bersifat getas
pecahan kasar sampai konkoidal

Komponen di dalam batubara

Air (moisture), terdiri dari air bebas dan air lembab /
tertambat
Abu (Ash)
Zat terbang (Volatile matter)
Karbon padat/tertambat (Fixed Carbon)
Unsur-unsur dalam batubara (C, H, O, N, S)
Komponen organik : maseral
Komponen inorganic :mineral matter

PHYSICAL CHARACTERISATION
OF COAL

Ruiz and Crelling, 2008

Megascopic : litotype

Microscopic : Maceral composition

Deskripsi batubara
Megaskopik: warna, banded, kilap, mineral, oksidasi,
cleat

Source: Coal geology, Lary Thomas

Source: Coal geology, Collin Ward

Macroscopic description of coal

Litotypes (for hard coals)

Macroscopic description of lignites/

brown coals
Based on ground mass,
xylitic material (woddy particles) ,
mineral impurities and
the texture of banded characteristics

Microscopic

Can only recorded if (ICCP):

It forms a band >50m
Composed of more than 2 maceral groups (5% accessories macerals)

Changes to petrographic characteristics of coal macerals

during coalification

The term mineral matter in coal, defined as all inorganic, noncombustible material that is in or associated with coal (Finkelman, 1995;
Gary et al., 1972; Richard and Rodney, 1986). This definition includes all
of the elements in the coal, except for the organically combined carbon
(C), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S). However,
inorganic combinations involving C, H, O and S that are found in coal,
such as C in carbonates, H in absorbed water and hydroxides in clay
minerals; O in water, silicates, carbonates, sulfates or other minerals; and
S in sulfide and sulfates, are also considered part of the mineral matter
(Valkovic, 1983; Harvey and Ruch, 1986).
The minerals existing in coal are a result of processes that occur
throughout the entire history of coal formation. Its distribution is
influenced by biological, hydrological and geochemical factors.
Coal mineral mater analysis and characterization are useful for various
reasons, particularly to take as much as benefit from coal utilization and to
avoid any negative influence of coal inorganic components to the
environment.

Analisa proksimat dibutuhkan untuk memberikan gambaran umum kualitas batubara

Analisa ultimate dibutuhkan untuk mengetahui performa batubara ketika diutilisasi
Karbon, hidrogen dan oksigen merupakan unsur yang diperhitungkan dalam menilai kemampuan
batubara untuk dibakar, diubah menjadi gas maupun diubah menjadi liquid fuel. Nitrogen dan sulfur
mewakili unsur dalam batubara yang bisa mengakibatkan polusi.

Klasifikasi batubara berdasarkan kegunaan