STUDY THE PROPERTIES OF CONCRETE

BY USING MARBLE POWDER/WASTE AS A

REPLACEMENT
OF CEMENT
1
CL 704 MINOR PROJECT

BY:-:HIMALAY JARIWALA 12BCL014

PARIN BODIWALA
13BCL068
DEEPANSHU PATEL
13BCL072
MAULIK SANKHAVARA 13BCL095
GUIDED BY:PROF. URMIL DAVE

FLOW OF PRESENTATION
2

1- NOTATIONS
2- OBJECTIVE AND SCOPE OF PROJECT
3- INTRODUCTION TO MARBLE CONCRETE
4- LITERATURE REVIEW
5- MIX DESIGN
6- CASTING OF SPECIMENS
7- TESTING OF SPECIMENS
8- RESULTS
9- BIBLIOGRAPHY

NOTATIONS
3

List of Notations
M
PC
MD
CB
W/C
WMD
OPC
PCC
UMD
CTM
S.G.
CA
FA

Grade of Concrete
Plain Cement
Marble Dust
Crushed Brick
Water-Cement Ratio
Waste Marble Dust
Ordinary Portland cement
Plain Cement Concrete
Unprocessed Marble Dust
Compressive Testing Machine
Specific Gravity
Coarse Aggregate
Fine Aggregate

OBJECTIVE OF WORK
4

To fulll design criteria for M25 grade of concrete by replacing Cement

with marble powder with varying percentages i.e. 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%.
To evaluate and compare the Compressive Strength of concrete with
various incorporation ratios of Marble powder as cement replacement (0%,
5%, 10 % and 15% of the total weight of cement) at 7, 28 days
respectively.
To evaluate and compare the Flexural Strength of concrete with various
incorporation ratios of Marble powder as cement replacement (0%, 5%, 10
% and 15% of the total weight of cement) at 7, 28 days respectively.
To evaluate and compare the Split Tensile Strength of concrete with
various incorporation ratios of Marble powder as cement replacement (0%,
5%, 10% and 15% of the total weight of cement) at 7, 28 days
respectively.

PREVIOUS SEMESTER WORK

5

Evaluated and compared the compressive strength of M25 grade of concrete with various

incorporation ratios of Marble powder as cement replacement (0%, 5%, 10 %, 15% of the total
weight of cement) at 7, 28 days respectively.
Test

Type

Mix
(0%)

Mix 2
(5%)

Mix 3
(10%)

Mix 4
(15%)

Days

Total

Compressive

cube

7,28

24

Mix 1: Control Concrete

Mix 2: 5% replacement of cement with marble slurry
Mix 3: 10% replacement of cement with marble slurry
Mix 4: 15% replacement of cement with marble slurry

SCOPE OF WORK
6
Scope of work of major project includes theoretical work and laboratory work related

to mechanical properties of PCC elements of various type of concretes.

Cylinders are to be casted and to be tested for Split Tensile strength of concrete mixes
including marble powder as cement replacement and Control Concrete for 7 days, 28
days.
Test

Type

Mix 1
(Control)

Mix 2
(5%)

Mix 3
(10%)

Mix 4
(15%)

Days

Total

Split
Tensile

Cylinder

7,28

24

Mix 1: Control Concrete

Mix 2: 5% replacement of cement with marble slurry
Mix 3: 10% replacement of cement with marble slurry
Mix 4: 15% replacement of cement with marble slurry

SCOPE OF WORK
7
Beams are to be casted & to be tested for Flexural strength of concrete mixes including

marble powder as cement replacement and Control Concrete for 7 days, 28 days.

Test

Type

Mix 1
(Control)

Mix 2
(5%)

Mix 3
(10%)

Mix 4
(15%)

Days

Total

Flexural

Beam

7,28

24

Mix 1: Control Concrete

Mix 2: 5% replacement of cement with marble slurry
Mix 3: 10% replacement of cement with marble slurry
Mix 4: 15% replacement of cement with marble slurry

INTRODUCTION
8

MARBLE DUST
Because of continual depletion of quarries aggregates, construction materials are more and more judged

by their ecological characteristics.

The lack of technology and unscientific methods of quarrying marble in India has generated a huge
quantity of waste of this valuable mineral; leaving the waste materials to the nature directly can cause
serious environmental problems.
In addition, the marble cutting industry generates a high volume of wastes. Recent studies showed that
marble waste can be used as construction materials.

FIG 1: MARBLE DUST

INTRODUCTION
9

IMPORTANCE OF MARBLE DUST

Reducing the cement content which reduces the costs.
Attaining required levels of strength in concrete at age >90 days.
Improving durability.

Need of Marble Dust

Due to increased awareness of all ill effects of pollution, utilization and safe disposal of marble

dust generated from marble cutting plants and mineral industries has become an urgent and
challenging task.
The higher percentage will bring economy in the industry as well as this study is also a step
towards making Eco-Friendly concrete with the waste being utilized efficiently.

Advantages
Marble waste is generated in ample amount in India.

Disadvantages
It does not take part in the hydration process.

LITERATURE REVIEW
10
1: Effect of Marble Powder with and without Silica Fume on Mechanical Properties of
Concrete
By V.M.Shelke, Prof. P.Y.Pawde, Dr. R.R.Shrivastava
(IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil Engineering, Volume-1, May-2012)
Experimental Work:
Experimental investigation is carried out to study the properties of M30 grade of concrete. Silica

Fume of 8% with addition of marble powder with various percentage as 0%, 8%, 12% & 16% by
the volume of concrete. The mix proportion was (1:2.03:2.7) of cement 400 Kg/m3 with W/C
Ratio 0.43 and ratio of course aggregate A1:A2 was 70:30. The 150 x 150 x 150 mm cubes and
150 X 300 mm Cylinder were casted. The compressive strength was carried out at the age of 7 and
28 days, at various % of marble powder and 8% of silica fume.
Conclusion:
The workability of concrete is decreases, with addition of silica fume & silica fume with marble
powder by the replacement of cement.
The compressive strength of cube & cylinder is marginally decreases, by using 8%, 12% & 16%
replacement of OPC cement with marble powder in concrete.

LITERATURE REVIEW
11

The compressive strength of cube is increased up to 3.65%, 8.58% at 7 days & 28 days of curing

by using 8% replacement of OPC cement with silica fume.

The compressive strength of cylinder is increased up to 7.30%, 6.05% at 7 days & 28 days of
curing by using 8% replacement of OPC cement.
The compressive strength of cube & cylinder is marginally decreases by using 12% marble powder
& 8% silica fume at 7 & 28 days of curing.

LITERATURE REVIEW
12
2: Utilization of waste marble dust as an additive in cement production
(Elsevier, Construction and Building Material, Vol 31/2010/4039-4042)
Experimental Work
The Waste Marble dust was used as partial replacement of PC clinker in the amount of 0, 2.5, 5,

7.5, and 10 % by weight and grinded together with PC clinker and gypsum in order to produce
composed cement with additive. Amount of gypsum was fixed as 5% by weight in the cement
manufacturing in the study. Dimensions of mortar samples were
160 X 40 X 40 mm. Samples cured for 7, 28, and 90 days were tested for tensile strength and
compressive strength.
Conclusion:
A 10% WMD can be used as an additive material in production of cement.
Use of WMD in production of WMDCs does not affect the setting time.
The ratio of WMD in the cements increases the values of specific gravity and specific surface
decrease.
There is a linear relationship between WMD and quantities of cement retained on sieve.

LITERATURE REVIEW
13
The compressive strengths of all WMDCs are higher than those of PCC strengths at all ages. All

WMDCs can be used instead of PCC.

Cost of cement production can be decreased by use of 10% WMD.

LITERATURE REVIEW
14
3: Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust Powder
By Prof. P.A.Shirule, Ataur Rahman, Rakesh D. Gupta
(International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies)
Experimental Work:
Total no. of 30 cubes and 30 cylinders were casted. Marble powder were added in concrete in set

of 5 (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). For each percent of marble powder replacing cement were casted
for 7 & 28 days. Final strength of cube and cylinder were tested after 7 and 28 days of curing.
Conclusion:
The Compressive strength of Cubes are increased with addition of waste marble powder up to 10%
replace by weight of cement and further any addition of waste marble powder the compressive
strength decreases.
The Split Tensile strength of Cylinders are increased with addition of waste marble powder up to

10% replace by weight of cement and further any addition of waste marble powder the Split
Tensile strength decreases.

LITERATURE REVIEW
15
4: Properties of Cement and Mortar Incorporating Marble Dust and Crushed Brick
By Tanver Kavas, Asim Olgun
(Department of Ceramic Engineering, Afyonkocatepe University, Afyon, Turkey, December 12,
2007)
Experimental Work:
The cementitious materials used in this study were PC, gypsum, Natural Pozzolan, Marble Dust,

and Crushed Brick. The PC and gypsum were obtained from cement plant and MD was taken from
deposits of marble factories. The mortars prepared were cast into 40 x 40 x 160mm moulds for
strength tests. The compressive strength and tensile strength tests were carried out at the ages of 2,
7, and 28 days. For SEM studies, selected mortar specimen were cured for 28 days.
Conclusion:
The general effect of MD and CB is to retard the setting time of the cement.
The replacement of PC by MD and CB influences significantly the strength of the mortar.
The strength of the mortar containing waste materials was lower than that of the control mortar.
Depending of the CB resource, the incorporation of MD and CB results in an enhanced flexural
strength compared to the PC mortar containing MD.

LITERATURE REVIEW
16
5. Influence of Marble Dust as Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete Conclusion
By N. Gurumoorthy
(International Journal of Engineering Research & Technology)
Experimental Work:
The flexural strength calculations are done as per IS: 516-1959. 500x100x100 mm size of beams are taken

to find the flexural strength. Total no. of 36 beams were casted. Marble powder were added in concrete in
set of 5 (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). They were demolded after 24 h, and were put into a water curing room
until the time of testing.
Conclusion:
The Compressive strength, Split Tensile strength and Flexural strength are increased with addition of waste

marble dust up to 25% replace by weight of cement.

Further any addition of waste marble dust the compressive strength, Split Tensile strength and Flexural
strength are decreased.
Therefore , we conclude that the most suitable percentage replacement of marble dust in concrete is 25%.
Thus we found out the optimum percentage for replacement of marble dust with cement and it is almost
25% cement for cubes, cylinders and beams.

LITERATURE REVIEW
17
6. Experimental Study on Use of Waste Marble Dust in Concrete.
By Aalok D. Sakalkale, G. D. Dhawale, R. S. Kedar
(Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, October 2014)

Experimental Work:
150 mm diameter x 300 mm high cylinders are taken to find out split tensile strength. Total no. of 36
cylinders were casted. Marble powder were added in concrete in set of 5 (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, 20%). The
results at 7 days, 28 days are considered to find out split tensile strength.
Conclusion:
The split tensile strength of cylinders is decreased with addition of waste marble powder, from control mix
to 100% replacement of sand.
However, the tensile strength at 25% replacement of sand is coming nearly equal to the tensile strength at
control mix. Thus, 25% sand replacement with WMD can also give better tensile strength.
The flexural strength of beams is also increased with addition of waste marble powder up to 50% sand
replacement and then gradually decreases.
Thus, we found out the optimum percentage for replacement of sand with marble powder in concrete is
almost 50%.

MIX DESIGN
18

Control concrete (CC) mix design is based on provisions of IS 10262

M25
Step 1:
As per IS:10262 [12] , Table-2,
For 20 mm size of aggregate,
Maximum water content = 186 litre (for 25 to 50 mm slump range)
Estimated water content for 100 mm slump = 186 + 6 (186 100)=
197.16litre.
As super plasticizer is used, the water content can be reduced up 20 percent
and above.
Based on experience we reduce 17%.
Hence arrived water content = 197.16 0.83 = 163.64 164 litres

MIX DESIGN
19

Step 2:
Calculation of Cement Content.
Water Cement ratio = 0.45
Cement Content = = 364.4 365 kg
Step 3:
For max. aggregate size = 20 mm
Fine aggregate (FA) zone = 2 & w/c ratio = 0.5, (Table 3, IS-10262 [10])
Course Aggregate (CA) content =0.62
But for our w/c ratio 0.45,
i.e. for reduction of 0.05 W/C ratio, increase in Coarse aggregate 0.01
CA= 0.62+0.01=0.63
FA=1-0.64=0.37
Chemical admixture is taken 0.7% of mass of cement.

MIX DESIGN
20

Step 4:
Volume of concrete = 1 m3
Volume of cement =(365/3.18) (1/1000) = 0.11 m3
Volume of water =(164/1) (1/1000) = 0.16 m3
Volume of chemical admixture (@ 0.7% by mass of cement ) =(2.5/1.03)
(1/1000) = 0.002 m3
Volume of all aggregate = 1 - 0.11 - 0.16 - 0.002 = 0.72m3
Weight of CA = 0.725 0.63 2.73 1000 = 1218 kg
Weight of 20 mm aggregate = 1218 0.6 = 731 kg
Weight of 10 mm aggregate = 1218 0.4 = 487 kg
Weight of FA = 0.725 0.37 2.57 1000 = 689 kg

MIX DESIGN
21

RESULTS (Compressive Strength)

22

Details

Comp. strength at 7
days(N/mm)
(CEMENT)

Comp. strength at 28
days(N/mm)
(CEMENT)

Control Concrete

20.44

33.33

Concrete with 5% MD
replacement.

21.105

34.66

Concrete with 10% MD

replacement.

22.66

36.22

Concrete with 15% MD

replacement.

17.995

31.33

RESULT
23

RESULT (Split Tensile Strength)

24

Details

Replacement
(by weight)

Split
Tensile
Strength at 7 days

Split
Tensile
Strength at 28 days

(N/mm2)

(N/mm2)

Mix 1

100% Cement

2.05

3.11

Mix 2

95% Cement,
5% MP

2.12

3.25

Mix 3

90% Cement,
10% MP

2.68

3.60

Mix 4

85% Cement,
15% MP

2.47

3.39

RESULT
25

RESULT (Flexural Strength)

26
Details

Replacement
(by weight)

Flexural strength at Flexural strength at

7 days(N/mm2)
28 days(N/mm2)

Mix 1

100% Cement

3.01

5.27

Mix 2

95% Cement,
5% MP

3.10

5.45

Mix 3

90% Cement,
10% MP

3.22

5.59

Mix 4

85% Cement,
15% MP

3.25

5.65

Mix 5

80% Cement
20% MP

2.22

4.55

RESULT
27

CONCLUSION
28

From Compressive Strength tests it is concluded that the

best proportion of marble powder is 10% with 28 days of

curing.
From Split Tensile Strength tests it is concluded that the
best proportion of marble powder is 10% with 28 days of
curing.
From Flexural Strength tests it is concluded that the best
proportion of marble powder is 15% with 28 days of
curing.

BIBLIOGRAPHY
29

Research Papers:
1. Partial Replacement of Cement with Marble Dust Powder By Prof. P.A.Shirule, Ataur

Rahman, Rakesh D. Gupta (International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Studies).
2. Properties of Cement and Mortar Incorporating Marble Dust and Crushed Brick By Tanver
Kavas, Asim Olgun (Department of Ceramic Engineering, Afyonkocatepe University, Afyon,
Turkey, December 12,2007).
3. Effect of Marble Powder with and without Silica Fume on Mechanical Properties of Concrete
By V.M.Shelke, Prof. P.Y.Pawde, Dr. R.R.Shrivastava (IOSR Journal of Mechanical and Civil
Engineering, Volume-1, May 2012).
4. Utilization of Waste Marble Dust as an Additive in Cement Production (Elsevier, Construction
and Building Material, Vol 31/2010/4039-4042).
5. The Effect of the Using Waste Marble Dust as Fine Sand on the Mechanical Properties of the
Concrete By Bahar Demirel (International Journal of the Physical Science, 18 August, 2010).
6. Influence of Marble Powder/Granules in Concrete Mix By Baboo Rai, Naushad H, Abhishek
Kr, Tabin Rushad, Duggal S.K. (International Journal of Civil and Structural Engineering, Volume1, No 4, 2011).

BIBLIOGRAPHY
30

IS Codes:
1. IS: 456-2000 Plain and reinforced concrete code practice BIS/2000.
2. IS: 10262-2009 Concrete Mix Proportioning-Guidelines BIS/1988.

Books:
1. Concrete Technology. By M.S.Shetty S.Chand & Company Ltd. /2005.
2. Properties of Concrete. By A.M.Neville Longman Scientific & Technical/1991