KIDNEY STONES

Thalia Chapman

Introduction
Presented by: Thalia Chapman
Mentor: Doctor Stephen Lapin
ISM Teacher: Mrs. Click
Houston Methodist
Houston Metro Urology
ISM- Fall 2016
Website: http://thaliachapman.weebly.com/
*some information in this presentation comes from outside

Mentor &
Student

Dr. Stephen Lapin & Thalia

Chapman

Mentorship Site

Houston Metro
Urology is a private
practice located in
downtown Houston
in the Scurlock
Tower of Houston
Methodist Hospital

Background Information

I realized after working with my mentor for the first week, most patients
who were visiting, were visiting for kidney stones or kidney stone
related complications . After discussing with my mentor, we decided
that kidney stones would be the most attainable topic study, because
most grown men would not prefer a teenage girl in the room with them
while they describe their penal issues to the physician.

What is Independent Study

Mentorship (ISM)?
Independent Study Mentorship is a
collegiate level course created for
students to gain professional
experience with a willing mentor in a
specific career field. The students
are required to research a topic of
the specific career with the help of
their mentor and teacher and create
a project to showcase what they
have learned.

History of Kidney Stones

The

first known kidney stones were discovered in

Egyptian mummies

Removal

surgery was first described in the 8th

century B.C. by an ancient Indian surgeon named
Sushruta

Stones

are mentioned in the Hippocratic Oath,

which is taken by newly trained physicians

Early

surgeons, lithotomists, travelled around

Europe with their surgery tables to operate on
patients

The

absence of anesthesia and antibiotics made

surgery extremely risky and usually ended with a
fatality

Anatomy

Kidney Stones
Kidney

stones or urinary calculi are excess elements that are

filtered through the kidneys

Stones can happen to anyone, usually arent seen until late teens or
early twenties
I realized after working with my mentor for the
first week, most patients who were visiting,
were visiting for kidney stones or kidney stone
related complications . After discussing with my
mentor, we decided that kidney stones would
be the most attainable topic study, because
most grown men would not prefer a teenage girl
in the room with them while they describe their
penal issues to the physician.

General Symptoms
Pain

in upper back

Pain

while urinating

Infection
Nausea
Fever

& vomiting

Diagnostic Examinations
Urinalysis
Blood

test

X-ray

and/or CT

Survey
51%

of the participants claimed to have had at least one kidney

stone in their life (men & women)

18

of 29 participants, ages 18-25, claimed to be affected by kidney

stones

21

of 29 say they have not had a reoccurrence

After

analyzing my data I concluded that, yes, stones are quite

common but not everyone is impacted multiple times

Differentiation of Severities
Mild:

back pain, trouble urinating, and burning sensation

Moderate:

nausea

Severe:

back pain, trouble urinate, burning sensation, and

back pain, trouble urinating and completely emptying,

burning sensation, nausea and vomiting, fever, and infection

Resulting Impairments
There

are no long term impairments caused by kidney stones

However, kidney stones can reoccur

Stones can be larger than the first
Can cause more pain and irritability to urinary tract

Removal Techniques
There are 2 surgical techniques to remove stones and an at home
method

Surgical Technique
Open Surgery:
The

surgeon makes a small incision on the side the kidney

stone is on and retracts the stone through an open wound,
severing the skin and kidney surface
This is considered dangerous because the surgeon could
potentially make a mistake and contaminate the patient
with their bodily fluids
Extremely invasive and not part of current modern
medicine

Surgical Technique
Shock Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
Surgeon

marks the area of the stone & uses shock waves to break
up the larger kidney stone essentially into sand-like stones which
become easier to pass and immediately alleviate the pressure
build up and pain the urethra or kidney

Non invasive and considered relatively safe besides the typical

complications that can always occur

Home Remedy Technique

The

home remedy technique is just a list of things to aid in the

passing of a stone if you believe to have one:
Drinking more water or fluids
Cutting back on foods with abundant amounts sugar and salt
Taking anti-inflammatories or alpha blockers
Taking medicines to prevent stones

Conclusion
As

we can see throughout my presentation, kidney stones are a

typical medical diagnosis that is moderately easy to prevent and
treat, without leaving permanent damage to the external body or
urinary tract .

Thank You
I

would like to thank my mentor for assisting me this semester in

my mentorship, being extremely flexible and patient in my
education

would like to thank Mrs. Click in helping for guiding me through

my journey of deciding my career path

would like to thank my parents for helping me throughout this

semester

would also like to thank my evaluators for taking the time out of
their day to come and listen to my presentation

Works Cited
McAninch,

Jack W., Tom F. Lue, and Donald R. Smith. "Urinary Stone

Disease."Smith & Tanagho's General Urology. New York: McGraw-Hill Medical,
2013. 249-79. Print.

NIDDK.

"Kidney Stones in Adults."U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S.

National Library of Medicine, n.d. Web. 02 Oct. 2016.

Urology

Care Fondation. "What Are Kidney Stones?"What Are Kidney

Stones?N.p., n.d. Web. 2 Oct. 2016.

National

Kidney Foundation. "Kidney Stones."Kidney Stones. National Kidney

Foundation, n.d. Web.

"History
"Kidney

of Kidney Stones."KidneyStonersorg. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

Stones: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia."MedlinePlus Medical

Encyclopedia. N.p., n.d. Web. 28 Nov. 2016.

*Attention*
Please

stay seated, I am going to present my product & hand out

question cards