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Nomenclature
Carolus Linnaeus (1735)
Genus species
By custom once mentioned can be
nutrient cycling)
Only a minority are pathogenic.
Most of our problems are caused by
microbes
EIDs
Emerging infectious diseases
Weapons of mass destruction
New evolutionary features
Response to man encroaching on the
environment
Microbes in research
10 trillion human
Biotechnology
Use of biological systems to produce
useful items
The use of biological information to
make things or improve the human
condition
Diversity of Microbes
Bacteria-single celled prokaryotes
Protozoa-eukaryotic, single celled,
Bacteria
Prokaryotes
Peptidoglycan
cell walls
Binary fission
For energy, use
organic
chemicals,
inorganic
chemicals, or
Figure 1.1a
Archaea:
Prokaryotic
Lack peptidoglycan
Live in extreme
environments
Include:
Methanogens
Extreme halophiles
Extreme thermophiles
Halobacteria
not from book
Eukaryotes
Chitin cell walls
Use organic chemicals
for energy
Molds and
mushrooms are
multicellular
consisting of masses
of mycelia, which are
composed of
filaments called
hyphae
Yeasts are unicellular
Fungi
Figure 1.1b
Protozoa
Eukaryotes
Absorb or ingest
organic chemicals
May be motile via
pseudopods, cilia,
or flagella
Most free some
parasites
Figure 1.1c
Algae
Eukaryotes
Cellulose cell walls
Use
photosynthesis for
energy (primary
producers)
Produce molecular
oxygen and
organic
compounds
Metabolically
Figure 1.1d
Viruses
Acellular
Consist of DNA or RNA
core
Core is surrounded by
a protein coat
Coat may be enclosed
in a lipid envelope
Viruses are replicated
only when they are in
a living host cell
Figure 1.1e
PROTOZOA
Fungi
Algae
Protozoa
Yang membedakan
dg sel tumbuhan,
hewan, dan
manusia adalah
tidak adanya
pemisahan jaringan
Sel hewan
SEL MANUSIA
Protozoa
karakteristik
Ukuran 10-52 m
Ada juga yg smp 1 mm
Yg paling besar xenophyophores (20
cm)
Hanya ditemui di kepulauan
Galapagos
Dimasukkan dlm 1 grup dg
foraminifera
Empat klasifikasi
protozoa
Mastogophora (flagela)
Sarcodina (pseudopodia)
Chiliophora (Silia)
Sporozoa (pembentuk spora non
motil)
Deskripsi
Chiliophora
Mastigopoh
ora
Flagela (biasanya
berpasangan), longitudinal
fission, heterotrophic
nutrition by adsorption
Sarcodina
Sporozoa
Tidak motil/jembatan,
beberapa stage mempunyai
flagel, multiple
golongan, berdasarkan:
Struktur mikroskopik
wall
Pada beberapa kasus mempunyai
kloroplas di sitosol yg me> pati
Mempunyai tilakoid
Lebih banyak yang tersusun dari 3 lapis
membran daripada 2
Have minimal cell differentiation
Pseudopodia
Disebut juga kaki semu
Dibentuk karena pemanjangan dari
sitoplasma
Juga digunakan untuk mendekati
atau memasukkan makanan
laju: 2-3 cm/jam
Macam-macam:
Labopodia (endoplasm extention),
ex: Amoeba
Filamentous projection of endoplasm
(philodopia)
Filamentous projection with
branching rhizopodia
Axial rods within a cytoplasmic
envelope
Amoeba
Tidak mempunyai bentuk yang pasti
Karena tidak punya rangka struktur
Selalu bergerak sehingga sulit
Foraminifera
Shell-like structure
Rhizopodia
Marine sediment
Membentuk
beberapa ruang
yang disebut silia
Pembentuk fosil