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Standard sections
Standard section handbooks give values of section
modulus for different section beams
Such data and guidance on the design of structures are
given in British Standards and relevant ones for design
using beams are BS 4 Part I:2005 (structural steel
sections) and BS 5950 Part I:2000 (structural use of
steelwork in building, code of practice for design, rolled
and welded sections)
Example type of data sheet is illustrated on the next slide
If the allowable stresses are the same for both tension and
compression, then a cross-sectional shape which has its neutral axis
at the mid height of the beam selected
To minimize the weight of a beam, abeam can be selected that has
not only has the required sectional modulus but also the smallest
cross-sectional area and the smallest mass per unit length
The critical buckling stress depends on the material concerned and
how a slender a column is. The measure of slenderness used in the
slenderness ratio.
Radius of gyration
6
From BS 5950 Part I:2000
The maximum slenderness ratio for steel columns carrying dead and
imposed loads is limited to 180; as table and graph indicates, when the
slenderness ratio approaches this value the compressive strength drops to
a quite a low value.
WideFlange
W16x26
TYPE
Tee
WT13x13
AmericanStandard
S20x66
Channel
C12x25
Angle
L5x3x1/2
W 16 x 26
Nominal Depth
Weight per
Linear Foot
As the design process is often iterative (repetitive), the above steps might have
to be repeated till the requirements of inequalities 2 and 3 above are satisfied and
the cross section is economical to construct with minimum cost (very often it10is
the cross section with minimum weight).
Example
Select a standard rolled steel I-section for the simply supported beam
shown in Figure. A factor of safety of 6 is to apply and the ultimate
tensile strength of the material is 500 MPa. The selected section must
have the least possible weight. The weight of the beam itself may be
neglected when calculating the maximum bending moment
11
s
s
12
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