SURGICAL PRODUCTS

Kul Prasad Gharti

Surgical

instruments, sutures,
surgical dressings, and other
equipments employed by the
surgical personnel during and
after a surgical operation

Surgical

dressings

Sutures

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SURGICAL DRESSINGS

Wide

range of materials used for

dressing wounds/ injured or
diseased tissues

Adressingis

an adjunct used by
a person for application to a
woundto promotehealing and/or
prevent further harm
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Objectives/ purposes of
surgical dressings

Provide environment for moist wound

healing
Prevent maceration by permitting
evaporation or absorption
Promote hemostasis
Protect the wound from further
damage
Reduce heat loss
Control microbial growth
Promote healing
Provide compression, reducing edema
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Provide

support
Reduce pain, increase patient
comfort, and improve functional
use of wound site
Reduce odor
Improve the appearance of the
wound site
Reduce overall costs associated
with wound treatment
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Criteria for selecting

wound dressings

Depends not only on type of

wound but also on stage of repair
Use of wound dressing cannot be
considered in isolation
Points to consider:
Degree of exudation
Presence or likelihood of infection
Presence of necrotic tissue
Anatomical site

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Ideal wound dressing

Maintain

humidity
Remove excess exudates
Allow gaseous exchange
Provide thermal insulation
Impermeable to bacteria
Allow removal without causing
trauma
Non toxic and non allergenic
Cost effective
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Classification of
dressings

Primary dressings

Directly contacts the wound

Provides absorption capacity
May prevent dessication, infection and
adhesion of secondary dressing to the
wound

Secondary dressings
Placed over a primary dressing
Provides further protection, absorptive
capacity, compression or occlusion
Absorbents, Bandages, Adhesive tapes

Protectives
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Specifications
Required

to meet specific
requirements of the USP for may
characteristics
Official tests

Absorbency test of cotton

Fiber length of cotton
Diameter of sutures
Tensile strength (suture, textile
fabrics, fibres)
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Primary wound
dressings

Primary wound
dressings
Plain

gauzes

Sticks to all but clean, incised

wounds
Used to debride exudative, infected
and necrotic wounds
May be painful
Causes the removal of granulation
tissue and new epithelium

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Impregnated gauzes
Used to reduce its adherence to wounds
Cotton, rayon or cellulose acetate
impregnated with a variety of substances
such as petroleum or paraffin (Aquaphor,
Vaseline), petrolatum emulsion (Adaptin),
zinc saline (NutraDress), or sodium
chloride (Mesalt)
Secondary dressing may be used with
those dressings to prevent dessication,
provide absorbency and prevent entrance
of pathogens
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Film dressings (transparent/

occlusive/ semiocclusive)

Films of polyurethane with acrylic or

polyether adhesives
Provides a semipermeable membrane
to water vapor and oxygen
Promote moist wound healing and
prevent maceration
Used in lightly exuding wounds
Adhere well to the skin and have a low
adherence for wound tissue
e.g. Bioclusive transparent dressing,
Tegaderm
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Primary/Secondary
wound dressings

Primary/ secondary
wound dressings

Composite dressings

Have primary and secondary

components that prevent adherence to
the wound, with some degree of
absorbency
May consist of lightly absorbent rayon or
cotton packs sandwiched between
porous polyethylene films
e.g. Release, Telfa
May consist of polyurethane foams with
a film backing
e.g. Lyofoam A
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Hydrogels
Complex lattices in which the dispersion
medium is trapped rather like water in a
molecular sponge
Crosslinked polymers- polyvinyl pyrollidone,
PEO gel
Non adherant dressings with
semipermeable film
Allow a high rate of evaporation (and
cooling) without compressing wound
hydration
Useful in burn treatment
e.g. Geliperm, Flexderm, NuGel
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Hydrocolloid dressings

Combine the benefits of occlusion and

absorbency
Dispersions of particles around which
water molecules and solvated ions form
a shell-like structures
Fluid absorption by particle swelling
and enlargement of this structure
Hydrocolloid mass gum like materials
(Sod. CMC), pectin bound by an
adhesive such as polyisobutylene
Little use on acutely exudating wounds
e.g. Duoderm, RepliCare
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Calcium

alginate dressings

Highly absorbent
Used on moderately to highly
exuding wounds
May be used to pack wounds
Held in place with gauze tape or film
dressings
e.g. Sorbsan, Algosteril

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Secondary wound
dressings

Absorbents
Surgical

cotton

Official Purified Cotton USP

Absorbent cotton: available in the form
of rolls, cotton balls or cotton-tipped
applicators
Absorb fluids faster
Nonabsorbent cotton: repellent to
water; packing, padding and cushioning
of dressings over traumatized areas
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Surgical

gauzes:

Provide an absorbent material of

sufficient tensile strength for surgical
dressings
Official Absorbent Gauze USP

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Surgical gauzes
Filmated

gauze:

Folded absorbent gauze with a thin, even

film of cotton or rayon distributed over
each layer
Possesses quick absorption and unusual
softness
Gauze

pads or sponges:

Folded squares of surgical gauzes

Folded in such a manner that no cut
gauze edges or loose threads are exposed
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X-ray

detectable gauze pads:

Similar to all gauze pads; also

contain inserts treated with barium
sulfate
Non-toxic, soft and nonabrasive
e.g. Ray-Tec X-Ray Detectable
Sponges (Johnson & Johnson)

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Composite absorbent
dressings
Consist

of layers of absorbent
gauze or nonwoven fabric with
fillers of cotton, rayon in suitable
arrangements

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Dressings

combines:

Designed to provide warmth and

protection and to absorb large
quantities of fluid that may drain
from an incision or wound
Consists of a nonwoven fabric cover
enclosing fiber with or without
absorbent tissue

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Laparatomy

sponges:

Also known as Abdominal Packs,

Tape Pads or Packs, Stitched Pads etc
Used to form a nonabrasive wall that
will prevent abdominal or other
organs from entering into the field of
operation and to help maintain body
temperature during exposure

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Sanitary

napkins:

Also known as V-Pads, Maternity

Pads
Used in obstetrical, gynecological or
maternity cases
Have repellent tissue on on the side
and back surfaces of the napkin
Greater fluid-holding capacity

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Disposable

cleaners:

Made from various types of

nonwoven fabrics
Abrasion resistance
Better cleaning ability

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Eye

pads:

Scientifically shaped to fit comfortably

and cover the eye completely
Made using nonwoven fabric
Cotton-tipped

applicators:

Used to apply medications or cleanse

an area
Cotton is attached firmly to the stick
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