Activity: Mendeleevs Cards

1. Pair up with someone and get a set of

cards ( that is missing one card).
2. Arrange the cards in rows and/or columns
that demonstrates a pattern, so that you
can predict properties of missing card.
3. Predict where your card belongs. Make 4
predictions about the card.
4. After checking work with Mrs. Brown,
draw your arrangement of 9 cards

Conclusions
1. Draw what you think your card looks like
in the missing spot, along with the other 8
cards in your lab book.
2. Summarize the process that you went
through to figure out the unknown card.
3. Read passage about Mendeleev (page 156
in Prentice Hall). How did he arrange the
elements?
4. How does this activity simulate what
Mendeleev did?

Dmitri Mendeleev

In 1869 he organized the elements

by increasing atomic mass.

He placed elements with

similar properties in the same
column. Then he left spaces
for elements that had not yet
been discovered.

1834 - 1907

Do you ever
feel like this?
Use your periodic table
to determine the
atomic mass of
vanadium.
What does this tell you
about the atom?
What can you find out
about the atom?

1. Get your lab book.

2. Find your periodic table.
3. Make a list of all the information a
periodic table is able to provide you.

Chem Catalyst

Periodic Table of Bohr Models

Revisited
1. What do you notice about the atomic
numbers and the periodic table?
2. What do you notice about the number of
protons and electrons as you go across a
row of elements?
3. What do you notice about the electrons
as you go down a column of elements?
4. Atoms in the same column tend to have
similar properties. Why do you think
this is true?
5. The word periodic means pattern. What
patterns do you observe?

Electron Configuration and the

Periodic Table

The period (row) indicates the

number of energy levels (1-7)
for the electrons
The group (column) indicates
the sublevel (s, p, d, f) of the
electrons

Valence electrons
Look at fluorines and neons electron
configuration. What do you observe?
Fluorine is chemically reactive, but
neon is inert (nonreactive). Why?
19
9
20

F 1s2 2s2 2p5

2
2
6
Ne
1s
2s
2p
10

Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are found on the highest
energy level of an atom.
They are responsible for the chemical
reactions of an atom.
The column indicates the number of valence
electrons (A elements only)

Fluorine is
column 7 and
has 7 valence
electrons

Ne

Neon is in column
8 and has 8
valence electrons

Sublevel Blocks of the Periodic

Table
Ne
Ar
Kr
Xe
Rn
6d

7p

The Shorthand
Sn- 50 electrons
The noble gas
before it is Kr
Takes care of 36
Next 5s2
Then 4d10
Finally 5p2

[ Kr ] 5s2 4d10 5p2

[ Kr ] 4d10 5s2 5p2

The Periodic Table

Group or Family column of elements with similar
properties.
There are 18 groups with 8 special families of
elements.
A columns = representative elements
Period horizontal row of elements
Transitional Metals are in the center of the table
Rare Earth Elements are at the bottom of the
table. The Rare earth metals include all of the
Lanthanides and Yttrium.

Parts of the Periodic Table

1. Get a blank periodic table and a set of colored pencils.
2. Color the table as shown on next slide. You may choose
your colors!
3. For homework, label the parts of the table as indicated in
your book.
YOU DO NOT HAVE TO WRITE IN ANY SYMBOLS OR NAMES!!

 Draw a line under the last item you made on

the list.
Turn to your partner and compare your list.
Did you forget anything?
Add to your list.
What have we learned so far
Now draw another line under the last item
you made on your list.

Physical and Chemical Properties

Physical properties describe the

characteristics of matter
Chemical properties describe how
matter reacts with other substances

Physical properties
Physical state of matter (s, l, g)
Density (high or low)
Conductivity (good or poor)
Malleable (bendable or brittle)
Ductile (drawn into wire)
Luster (Shiny/dull)
Color

Chemical properties
Reacts with acid
Reacts with oxygen
Nonreactive
Forms acids or bases
Reacts with metals
Reacts with nonmetals

Check in:

What do you see? What do you think

they are doing?

Lab: Metal, Nonmetal, or Metalloid?

Purpose: To perform tests on elements in order to observe
their properties and determine if they are metals or
nonmetals.
1. At stations 1 6, with a deflagrating spoon, add a small
sample and place on top of an open flame to see if it
burns.
2. On a well plate, add a small sample and test with 5-10
drops of acid. Remove sample from well plate and put in
beaker at table, rinse with H20
3. At station #7 test to see if it conducts electricity.
4. At station #8, check for malleability. If possible, bend
slightly. If unable to bend, place on aluminum foil and
tap lightly with mallot.

Lab: metal, nonmetal, or metalloid?

Data Table: physical properties
Element

A
B
C
D
E
F

General Appearance

Luster

Conducts
electricity

Malleable or
brittle

Data Table: Chemical properties

Element

A
B
C
D
E
F

Reacts with acid

Reacts with oxygen

Conclusions:

1. What properties do you associate with

metals? Nonmetals?
2. How do you know when an element is a
metalloid?
3. Classify samples A-F as a metal,
nonmetal, or metalloid. Justify each
classification using the properties you
observed today.

4. Identify samples A-H using their properties

and the following positions on the periodic
table.

Chem Catalyst
1. There are three classifications of
elements: metals, nonmetals, and
metalloids. How are most elements
classified?
2. Give an example of an element that is a
metal, nonmetal, and a metalloid based
on their position on the periodic table.

Activity: Periodic People

Youre job is to group the periodic people and
identify the missing person.
Cut the pieces out and arrange the cards.
Arrange them into rows and columns.
Pay attention to their characteristics or properties
(hair, buttons, body design, fingers, arms, facial
expression)
Each column will have something in common.
Each row will have something in common.
Each person is unique, but predictable so you can
figure out what the missing person looks like.

Conclusions: Periodic People

Periodic people ___________
Number of arms __________
Number of fingers _________
Number of hairs ___________
Size of body ______________
Facial expression __________
Type of clothing ___________

Checking In

Think about this cartoon.

What do you see?

Why is this true?

Demo: Periodic Activity of Metals

1. Write the electron configuration for
elements Li, Na, and K.
2. Draw a Bohr model of each element.
3. What do you notice about their valence
electrons?
4. Would these metals like to gain or lose
electrons? Why?
5. Make observations about each metals
physical and chemical properties.

Demo: Periodic Activity of

Conclusions
1. How were the metals similar?
2. Why do these metals have similar
properties?
3. How were the metals different?
4. Why did the metals become more
reactive?
5. Think about rubidium (Rb). Predict its
properties and how it would react in
water.

Reactivity of Metals
Trends in Periods and Groups
Purpose: to determine the reactivity trend within a
group, and the reactivity trend within a period.
Label test tubes 1 4. Place 20 drops of HCl acid in
each of the four test tubes. Wait for Mrs. Brown to put
the four different metals in each of the four test
tubes. Rate each of the metals from fast to slow in
your chart.

Metal
Magnesium
(Mg)
Calcium (Ca)
Aluminum
(Al)
Zinc (Zn)

Observations

Reactivity Rating

Conclusions

What trend do you observe for a group?

What trend do you observe for a period?
Which element is the most reactive?
Which element is the least reactive?
Make an overall conclusion statement for
reactivity of metals.

Periodic Trends
Atomic Radius: distance from the nucleus to
valence electrons.
Predict how the size of the atom changes as
you go down a group and across a period.
Atomic size tends to increase as you go down a
group, but decrease as you go across a period.

Atomic Radius
Atoms get
bigger as you go
down a group
Atoms get
smaller as you
go across a
period.

Periodic Trends
Ionization energy is the energy required to
remove an electron from the atom.
Predict how ionization energy changes as you
go down a group and across a period.
Ionization energy tends to decrease as you go
down a group, but increase as you go across a
period.

Ionization Energy

Periodic Trends
Electronegativity is a measure of an atoms
affinity or attraction for electrons.
Scale of 0-4
(0 = no attraction, 4 = strongest attraction
Which atoms would score 0? 4?
Predict how electronegativity changes as you go
down a group and across a period.
Electronegativity tends decrease as you go down a
group, but increase as you go across a period until
you get to the Noble gases.

Electronegativity

Lab: Is Density a Periodic

Property?
Purpose: To see if density follows a periodic
trend.
Hypothesis: Is it possible to predict the
density of an element based on the densities
of the other elements in the same group?

Lab: Is Density a Periodic Property?

Element
Carbon
(C)
Silicon
(Si)
Tin
(Sn)
Lead
(Pb)

Atomic
number

Mass
(g)

Volume
(ml)

Density
(g/ml)

Conclusions
1. Make a graph of Density (Y) Vs. Atomic Number (X).
Draw line of best fit.
2. Does density follow a periodic trend?
3. Use your graph to determine the density of
Germanium (atomic # 32).
4. Calculate your percent of error if the actual density
of Ge is 5.3 g/ml.
5. Does your data support your hypothesis?

Checking In
1. What group trend do you observe in atomic size? Why?
2. What period trend do you observe in atomic size? Why?

Making Ions
Some atoms want to gain electrons while
others want to lose.
An ion is an atom that has either gained or lost
electrons.
When an atom loses electrons, it forms a
positive ion.
When an atom gains electrons, it forms a
negative ion.

Making Ions
Nonmetals want to gain electrons so they form
negative ions.
Metals want to lose electrons so they form
positive ions.

Periodic Trends:

Comparing Ions

a/b What do you notice

about the sizes of positive
ions compared to the
atoms of the same
element?
c What do you notice about
the size of negative ions
compared to the atoms of
the same element?

Making Ions
When an atom forms a positive ion, the ion is
smaller than the atom.
When you lose electrons you get smaller!
When an atom forms a negative ion, the atom
is smaller than the ion.
When you gain electrons you get bigger!