HoChiMinh city University of Technology

Lecture Report
Topic:

STT
1
2
3
4
5

ANALYSIS OF DECLINE AND

TYPE CURVE IN OLI WELL

Name
Nguyn Bnh Phng
Tn Quyn
Trn Quc Huy
Phm Minh Giang
Phm Khnh Long

Student number
21102662
1435044
31301536
31300969
31302162

Lecturer: Nguyn Thnh Giang

CONTENT

Decline curve
analysis

Type curve
analysis

Fetkovich Type
Curve
Type curve analysis

Palacio
Blasingame
Type Curve
Agarwal Type
Curve

Part 1: Decline curve analysis

I. Definition
Decline curves are one of the most extensively
used form of data analysis employed in:
Evaluating oil reserves (EUR)
Predicting future production

I. Definition
These decline curves are characterized by three
factors:
Initial production rate
Curvature of the decline
Rate of decline

II. Assumptions:
The well is in a boundary dominated flow condition.
The well is produced at or near capacity.

The well is produced at a constant bottom hole

pressure.

III. Types Of Rate Decline Behavior

Exponential decline (b=0)
Harmonic decline (0<b<1)
Hyperbolic decline (b=1)

III. Types Of Rate Decline Behavior

III. Types Of Rate Decline Behavior

Flowrate-Time Relations:
Exponential: (b=0)

q qi exp( Di t )

Hyperbolic: (0<b<1)

Harmonic: (b=1)

qi
q
(1 Di t )

qi

(1 bDi t )1 / b

Cumulative Production-Time Relations:

Exponential: (b=0)
Hyperbolic: (0<b<1)
Harmonic: (b=1)

qi
Np
[1 exp( Di t )]
Di
qi
Np
[1 (1 bDi t )11 / b ]
(1 b) Di
Np

qi
ln(1 Di t )
Di

III. Types Of Rate Decline Behavior

Where qt: oil flow rate at time t, bbl/day
qi: initial oil flow rate, bbl/day
t: time, days
Di: initial decline rate, day-1
b: Arps decline curve exponent

q
i
q

1
/
b
(
1

b
D
t
)
1

/
b
iN
[(1b)D
1(bD
p
it)]

IV. Example Of Hyperbolic Decline

(0 b 1)

IV. Example Of Hyperbolic Decline

Step 1: Plot qt versus t on a semi log scale and draw a smooth
curve through the point.
Step 2: Extend the curve to intercept the y axis at t = 0 and read q i.
Step 3: Select the other end point of the smooth curve, record the
coordinates of the point, and refer to it as (t2, q2).
Step 4: Determine the coordinate of the middle point on the
smooth curve that corresponds to (t1, q1) with the value of q1, as
obtained from the following expression:

q1

qi .q2

IV. Example Of Hyperbolic Decline

Step 5: Solve the following equation iteratively for b:
b

qi

qi
f (b) t 2 t1

q1

q2

b k 1
qi
f '(b ) t2
q1
k

(t2 t1 ) 0

k
f
(
b
)
k
b
f '(b k )

bk

qi
qi
ln t1

q
q
1

bk

qi
ln

IV. Example Of Hyperbolic Decline

Step 6: Solve Di

Di

qi / q2

b.t2

IV. Example Of Hyperbolic Decline

10000

Log q (STB/D)

1000

100
0

200

400

600
Thi gian (gi)

800

1000

1200

Part 2: Type Curve Analysis

I. Definition
A type curve analysis consists of finding the
theoretical type curve that matches the actual
response.

II. Purposes

Reservoir and well parameters such as permeability

and skin can be calculated from dimensionless
parameters defining that type curve:
Dimensionless pressure pD
Dimensionless time tD
Dimensionless radius rD

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

Darcys equation use to describe the initial flow rate:

kh( pi
0.00708khP
qi

re

1
B ln
141.2 B
ln

2
rwa

pwf )
1
re

r wa 2

Where q: flow rate, STB/day

B: formation volume factor, bbl/STB
: viscosity, cp

re: drainage radius, ft

k: permeability, md rwa: effective wellbore radius, ft

h: thickness, ft

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

rD re / rwa

rwa rw e

Replace re/rwa in Darcys equation with rD:

qi

kh( pi pwf )
1

141.2 B ln rD
2

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

rD re / rwa

rwa rw e

Replace re/rwa in Darcys equation with rD:

qi

kh( pi pwf )
1

141.2 B ln rD
2

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

1
141.2 B
qi

1
khP
ln rD
2

Define the dimensionless rate qD as:

1
141.2 B
qD qi

1
khP
ln rD
2

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

qDd

qt

qi

t Dd Di t

Combine those equations above:

qDd

qt

qi

qt
khP
1

141.2 B ln rD
2

qD ln rD

1

2

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

t Dd

1
rD 2
2

tD
1
ln rD
1
2

Replacing the dimensionless time tD:

t Dd

1
1
rD 2 1
ln rD
2

0.006328t
2
1 ct rwa

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

Di can be defined mathematically by the following
expression:
t Dd
Di

1
t
rD 2 1

1
ln rD

0.006328
2
1 ct rwa

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

Fetkovich
type curve

1000000

10000

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

100000

1000
Lu
lng (STB/D)

Lu lng cng dn10000

(STB)

1000

100

10

100
Thi gian (hr)

1000

100
10000

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

Procedure:
Step 1: Plot the historical flow rate q t versus time t in
log log paper with the same logarithmic cycles as in
the Fetkovich type curve
Step 2: Place the tracing paper data plot over the type
curve and slide the tracing paper with plotted data
until the actual data points match one of the type
curve with a specific value of b.

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

Step 3: Record values of the reservoir dimensionless
radius re/rwa and parameter b.
Step 4: Select any convenient match point on the
actual data plot and the corresponding values lying
beneath that point on type curve grid.

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

Step 5: Calculate the initial surface oil flow rate:
qt
qi

qDt

mp

Step 6: Calculate the initial

t Dd decline rate:
Di

Step 7:

mp

re
1
Calculate
141.2the
B qformation

permeability:
i ln
r
2
wa

k
h( pi pwf )

III. Fetkovich Type Curve

Step 8: Calculate the skin factor:
r r
s ln e w
rwa mp
re

IV. Palacio Blasingame Type Curve

Under psuedosteady state flow condition, the radial

flow of liquid:
pwf

0.23396QBt
162.6QB
4A
pi
log

2
Ah

c
kh
1.781
C
t
A rw

Where A: drainage area, ft2

B: formation volume factor, bbl/STB

CA: shape factor, page 425

t: time, hrs

k: permeability, md Q: flow rate, STB/day

ct: total compressibility coefficient, psi-1

IV. Palacio Blasingame Type Curve

Converting from long to a natural logarithm:

pi pwf
q

p
B
4A

70.6
ln
2
q
kh
1.781
C
r
A w

Or more conveniently as:

p
bpss mt
q
bpss

q
1

p 1 mtc
bpss

5.615 B
t

Ah ct

Material balance time:

NP
tc
q

IV. Palacio Blasingame Type Curve

The equation above can be written as follows:
qDd
Where

qDd

1 t Dd

q / p
q / p

q / p i 1 / b pss

t Dd

tc
b pss

IV. Palacio Blasingame Type Curve

:
qDd
Where

qDd

1 t Dd

q / p
q / p

q / p i 1 / b pss

t Dd

tc
b pss

IV. Palacio Blasingame Type

Curve

Blasingame type curve

IV. Palacio Blasingame Type

Curve
Example:

V. Agarwal type curve

Under psuedosteady state flow condition, the radial

flow of liquid:
q

kh( pi pwf )

re
1
141.2 B ln

2
rwa

141.2qB

kh( pi pwf )

ln

1
re
1

rwa
2

V. Agarwal type curve

Demensionless variable flow rate:

141.2 B
qD
q
kh( pi pwf )

Demensionless time:
t DA

0.00633ktc

ct re2

V. Agarwal type curve

Procedure:
Calculate material balance time tc, pressure normalized rate q/p, pressure normalized rate integral
(p/q)i, derivative pressure normalized rate integral (p/q)id
Calculate the inverse normalized pressure derivative 1/DER, Calculate the inverse normalized pressure
integral derivative 1/DERI
On the loglog coordinate system, plot q/p ~ tc , 1/DER ~ tc ,1/DERI~ tc
Choose any of the three curves or any combination thereof to match the actual points with
the type curves
According to the matching results, record the dimensionless drainage radius (re/rwa)m

V. Agarwal type curve

Randomly select a matching point, and record the actual matching point (tc, q/p)m and
the corresponding theoretical matching point ((tc)DA, qD)m. If the reservoir thickness, total
compressibility, and wellbore radius are known, then we can calculate the reservoir permeability, skin
factor, drainage area, reserves, etc.

p M
141.2 B
k
h
(qD ) M

re

ta
0.00633k

ct (ta ) DA M
re2 hS0
OIIP
5615 B0

rwa

re
re

r
wa M

V. Agarwal type curve

Agarwal type curve

References
Advaned production decline analysis and application
Hedong Sun
Well testing interpretation SLB
Reservoir engineering handbook Tarek Ahmed
Petroleum engineering handbook Howard B.Bradley
www.fekete.com

Questions and
Answer.

THANK YOU FOR

LISTENING
46