BITUMINOUS(asphalt) ROAD

SUMMER INTERNSHIP PROJECT REPORT

2015

Submitted to :
CIVIL ENGINEERING

Submitted by -

Department of

NAME SHUBHAM PALIWAL

ROLL No.

121000078
SECTION B2

CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Introduction to bitumen.
Introduction to bituminous road.
Definitions .
Bituminous road layer.
References .

INTODUCTION TO BITUMEN

dark

Bitumen is a black or
colored solid or viscous
cementitious substance having an adhesive properties.
It consists chiefly high molecular weight hydrocarbons
derived from distillation of petroleum or natural
asphalt.
It is a semi-solid hydrocarbon product produced by
removing

the

lighter

fractions

(such

as

liquid

petroleum gas, petrol and diesel) from heavy crude oil

during the refining process.

INTODUCTION TO BITUMEN

Bitumen is often confused with tar. Although bitumen and coal

tar are similarly black and sticky, they are distinctly different
substances

in

origin,

chemical

composition

and

in

their

properties.
ORIGIN- Asphalt material have been utilized since 3500 B.C .In
building and road construction. Their main uses have been
adhesives and water proof agent .

as

INTRODUCTION TO BITUMINOUS ROAD

Bituminous road is a road constructed by using

bitumen. It is also called flexible pavement because it
changes its shape according to nature of load and sub
base.
A road or pavement is a structure consisting of
superimposed layers of processed materials above the
natural soil sub-grade, whose primary function is to
distribute the applied vehicle loads to the subgrade.
The pavement structure should be able to provide a
surface of acceptable riding quality, adequate skid

Bitumen (asphalt) source

CONSTITUENTS OF BITUMEN MIX

BITUMINOUS ROAD LAYER

BITUMINOUS ROAD LAYER

BITUMINOUS ROAD LAYER

This type of pavement has four layers namely, sub grade (bottom
most), sub base, base and wearing surface (top most).
Thickness of layer decreases normally from bottom to top.
1.(SUB GRADE LAYER)
The SUBGRADE is the layer of naturally occurring material or the
fill material the road is built upon.
Where the SUBGRADE is weak, i.e. a low CBR, it will be necessary
to have a CAPPING LAYER over the subgrade to increase the
strength before the actual road pavement thickness is designed.

BITUMINOUS ROAD LAYER

This capping layer is usually a granular type material designed to

provide a working platform on which sub-base construction can
proceed with minimum interruption from wet weather.
capping is also used to minimize the effect of a weak subgrade
on pavement strength.
2.SUB BASE LAYER
This particular layer in ROAD PAVEMENT construction, is quite
often used to refer, some what misleadingly, to the material
GRANULAR SUB-BASE.

I.

ROAD LAYER

The primary functions of sub base layer are Improve

drainage , Minimise Frost action damage. ,Provide a working

platform for construction.
II. The material used in this layer Granular sub base ,Cement bound material.
3.ROAD BASE (BASE)
The ROADBASE is the main load-bearing / load spreading layer
in the road structure and is usually 100mm. or more thick
depending on the loading of the traffic for which the road is
designed.

ROAD LAYER

Generally BASE layer is made of crushed slag, crushed stones

and other stabilized materials -Aggregates and Hot Mix Asphalt
are usually used in this layer.
BINDER COURSE- This is the layer of material below the
SURFACE COURSE and above the ROADBASE.
BASE COURSE (binder course) is most commonly a bituminous
material, and can be either HOT ROLLED ASPHALT or DENSE
BITUMEN MACADAM (asphalt concrete).

ROAD LAYER

The WEARING COURSE (surface course) is the top layer of the

ROAD PAVEMENT and is designed
To be impervious to the ingress(entering) of water.
To be durable, and have a high resistance to skidding.
To be chosen so as not to deform under the weight of traffic
appropriate to the road.

OPRATIONS

Seal Coat: It is a thin surface treatment used to water-proof the surface

and to provide skid resistance.

Tack Coat: It is a very light application of asphalt, usually asphalt

emulsion diluted with water. It provides proper bonding between two
layers of binder course and must be thin, uniformly cover the entire
surface, and set very fast.
Prime Coat: It is an application of low viscous cutback bitumen to an
absorbent surface like granular bases on which binder layer is placed.
Unlike tack coat, prime coat penetrates into the layer below, plugs the
voids, and forms a water tight surface.

REFERENCES

Introduction to pavement design by Prof. Tom V. Mathew 200902-27. Highway engineering by S.K.Khanna and Justo.
Construction equipment and planning by Mohesh Verma.
http://www.pavingexpert.com/subgrade.htm .
AASHTO Guide for the Design of Pavement Structures.
Images -www.google.co.in.


Thank you!