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Upscaled
Reservoir
Model
Near Wellbore
Performance Models
Preliminary
Dynamic
Model
Projected
Reservoir
Performance
Field
Economic
Model
Calibrated
Dynamic
Model
Optimized
Reservoir
Development
Plan
History Matching
The process of adjusting the reservoir
description until the production and
pressures predicted by the dynamic model
match the historical production and
pressures.
Reservoir Data
Collect reservoir data
Review data for consistency and accuracy
Rank available reservoir data according to
uncertainty
Estimate most likely value, expected range
of values
Vp
volume
0.234qB
p wf
ct
t
to estimate
Example 1
Given the following estimates of drainage
area, formation permeability, and altered
zone permeability, perform a history match
using classical reservoir engineering
calculations to guide the match.
Drainage area
95 acres
Permeability
35 md
10 md
Example 1
Solution
Wellbore pressure
4200
4150
4100
Observed
4050
First Trial
S. L. obs
S. L. sim
4000
0.01
0.1
1
Tim e, days
10
100
Wellbore pressure
4100
4000
3900
3800
Observed
3700
First Trial
3600
S. L. Obs
3500
S. L. Sim
3400
3300
0
20
40
60
Tim e, days
80
100
120
Example 3
Solution
Since the varying permeability affects only
the linear portion of the semilog plot, while
varying drainage area affects only the
linear portion of the Cartesian plot, we can
change permeability and drainage area
simultaneously.
4192 4160
8 psi / cycle
4
msim
4112 .4 4001.4
k obs msim
k sim mobs
or
k obs
k simmsim 35 27.75
121.4md
mobs
8
4182 3745
msim
4058 3356
This
slope
should
be
inversely
proportional to pore volume (or drainage
area). Thus, we can calculate a new
drainage area estimate:
Aobs msim
A sim mobs
or
Aobs
A simmsim 95 7.02
152.6 acres
mobs
4.37
Wellbore pressure
4200
4150
4100
4050
Observed
Second Trial
4000
0.01
0.1
1
Tim e, days
10
100
Wellbore pressure
4100
4000
3900
3800
3700
Observed
3600
Second Trial
3500
3400
3300
0
20
40
60
Tim e, days
80
100
Wellbore pressure
4250
4200
4150
4100
Observed
4050
Second Trial
Third Trial
4000
0.01
0.1
1
Tim e, days
10
100
Wellbore pressure
4200
4100
4000
Observed
3900
Second Trial
Third Trial
3800
3700
0
20
40
60
Tim e, days
80
100
1 1
ka k
Thus, we have
1 1
ka k
1 1
ka k
obs
pobs
p sim
sim
or
1 1
ka k
obs
pobs 1 1
p sim k a k
sim
Therefore,
1
ka
k a obs
obs
pobs 1 1
p sim k a k
1
pobs 1 1
p sim k a k
k
sim
sim
1
k
1
12.41 md
49.1 1
1
1
62.3 10 121.4 121.4
Wellbore pressure
4200
4150
4100
4050
Observed
Final Match
4000
0.01
0.1
1
Tim e, days
10
100
Wellbore pressure
4150
4100
4050
4000
3950
Observed
3900
Final Match
3850
3800
3750
0
20
40
60
Tim e, days
80
100
kA p
qB
are
not