DCC5143 FLUIDS MECHANIC

CHAPTER 6 :ENERGY LOSS IN

PIPE

OBJECTIVE

To learn and understand the loss of energy in

height, which is major and minor loss in a pipe
system.

INTRODUCTION
Pipe is one type of a covered channel mainly come in
a rounded shape area.
Theres another type of pipe with rectangle and
triangle shape but the use of it isnt as popular as
the rounded shape area of pipe.
There are two types of flow in a pipe which is a full
flow and a half flow.
If the flow in pipe is full there are liquid pressure in
the pipe.
However if the pipe is half flow, there are no liquid
pressure because of the free surfaces and there are
only an atmosphere pressure acted towards the
liquid.

CONTINUE

When a liquid flow inside a pipe, there are some

obstruction acted towards the surfaces of flow
come from the condition of pipe surfaces, corners
in pipe, sudden enlargement and reduce of pipe
area, valves in pipe and other factors. From all of
the obstruction, the obstruction given by the
friction of pipe surfaces is the main causes the
loss of energy in pipe.

2 TYPES OF LOSES OF ENERGY IN A

PIPE
Loses of main energy (Because of friction in pipe)
Loses of minor energy (Secondary)

MAIN LOSES ENERGY IN PIPE

Darcy-Weisbach Equation.
Take a pipe with l m of lenght, A as the area. A
water flow inside the pipe with v m/s average of
velocity

The force that acted towards the liquid in the pipe is the
force come from the different pressure between cross
section 1 and 2 and also because of the friction in pipe

The velocity in cross section 1 and 2 is fix because of the
uniform flow. Therefore, the resultant force between the
two force acted in the same direction is zero.

Forces acted because of the different pressure = ( P1 P2) (A)

In producing the Darcy-Weisbach Equation, an
assumption that the friction over a unit of pipe surfaces
area ia equal to the square of an average velocity ( v2 ).

If q = friction / a unit area of velocity, and q

change constantly with v2.
friction / a unit area of velocity
v = q.v2
Force happen because of firction at pipes wall =
q.v2.P. I
( where P = diameter of pipe and P.l = area of
pipes wall )
From the equilibrium force inside pipe,
Force happen because of the different pressure =
Friction force at the wall of pipe.
( P1 - P2) . A = q.v2.P. I

If hf = Loses of energy / height happen because of

friction,
==q..P. l .. (1)
Multiply equation(1) with 2g

hf =

But A = hidraul pipe radius = Mp and =

coefficient (friction coefficient f)
Therefore , hf =
(2)
If d = diameter of pipe ,m =

LOSES OF ENERGY/HEIGHT IN PIPE

DUE TO FRICTION

Where:
f = friction coefficient
l = lenght of pipe
v = liquid velocity
d = pipe diameter

OR

The equation can be written in another form to

replace v,

LOSES OF MINOR
ENERGY(SECONDARY) IN A PIPE.
Loses of minor energy in pipe is due to certain
circumstances along pipe.
These minor loses happen mainly at :

Inlet of a pipeline
Outlet of a pipeline
Sudden increasement of pipe diameter
Sudden decreasement of pipe diameter
Corners and junction along the pipeline.
Untight valve.

1.LOSES ENERGY AT THE INLET OF

A PIPE LINE

LOSES OF ENERGY AT CORNERS

AND JUNCTIONS OF PIPE

 F is the coefficent based on the table provided by the

pipes factory.