Materi 2 Integral

Riemann & Teknik

Pengintegralan
Dosen Pengampu : Ricki yuliardi, M.Pd

Why?
Why is the area of the yellow rectangle at the end =
x f (b) f (a )

Review
f(x)
a

We partition the interval into n sub-intervals

ba
x
n

Evaluate f(x) at right endpoints

of kth sub-interval for k = 1, 2, 3, n

a k x

Review
f(x)
a

Look
Lookatat
Goegebra
Goegebrademo
demo

Sum

S n lim f (a k x)
x
n

k 1

We expect Sn to improve
thus we define A, the area under the
curve, to equal the above limit.

Riemann Sum
1. Partition the interval [a,b] into n subintervals
a = x0 < x1 < xn-1< xn = b

Call this partition P

The kth subinterval is xk = xk-1 xk

Largest xk is called the norm, called ||P||

2. Choose an arbitrary value from each

subinterval,

ci

call it

Riemann Sum
3. Form the sum
n

Rn f (c1 ) x1 f (c2 )x2 ... f (cn ) xn f (ci )xi

i 1

This is the Riemann sum associated with

the function f
the given partition P
the chosen subinterval representatives

c
We will express a variety of quantities in i
terms of the Riemann sum

The Riemann Sum

Calculated

Consider the function

2x2 7x + 5
Use x = 0.1

ci edge
Let the
= left
of each subinterval
Note the sum

2x^2-7x+5
9
9.92
10.88
11.88
12.92
14
15.12
16.28
17.48
18.72
20
21.32
22.68
24.08
25.52
27
28.52
30.08
31.68
33.32

dx * f(x)
0.9
0.992
1.088
1.188
1.292
1.4
1.512
1.628
1.748
1.872
2
2.132
2.268
2.408
2.552
2.7
2.852
3.008
3.168
3.332

Riemann sum =

40.04

4
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
4.9
5
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9

The Riemann Sum

f(x) = 2x2 7x + 5
n

f (c )x
i 1

40.04

We have summed a series of boxes

If the x were smaller, we would have gotten a better
approximation

The Definite Integral

b

I f ( x)dx
a

lim f ci xi
P 0

k 1

The definite integral is the limit of the

Riemann sum
We say that f is integrable when
the number I can be approximated as accurate
as needed by making ||P|| sufficiently small
f must exist on [a,b] and the Riemann sum must
exist

Properties of Definite Integral

Integral of a sum = sum of integrals
Factor out a constant
Dominance

f ( x) g ( x) on [a, b]
b

f ( x)dx g ( x)dx
a

Properties of Definite Integral

f(x)

Subdivision rule
a

f ( x)dx f ( x)dx f ( x)dx

Area As An Integral
f(x)

The area under

the curve on the
interval [a,b]

A
a

A f ( x )dx
a

Definisi dari Integral

Integral adalah lawan diferensiasi. Penulisan simbol
integral:

f ( x)dx F ( x) C

Rumus rumus dasar integrasi

n 1

ax
ax dx n 1 C , n 1
n

Contoh :
6 x11 6 x 2
2
6
xdx

3
x
1.
11
2

2.

31
4
12
x
12
x
3
4
12
x
dx

3
x

3 1
4

1
2

1
1
2

3
2

3
6x
6x
3. 6 xdx 6 x dx 1 3 4 x 2
1
2
2
2 x11 3 x 01
4. (2 x 3)dx

x 2 3x
11 0 1

5.

1
5
1

1
2
2 72
2

1
2
2
2
x ( x )dx x ( x 2 x ) dx x 2 x dx x 4 x 2
x
7
2

 Tentukanlah nilai
integral dari:
1. 9x dx
(3x 4 x)
2.
dx
(3x 2 x )dx
3. x 12 ( x 2 3)dx
2

(1 2 x) 2
dx
6.
x

4. ( x 2 3)
x dx
5.

7.

1
( x 1) 2 dx
x